CRC Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
unknown, С. 224 - 305
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2015
Growth
is
a
fundamental
biological
trait,
generally
considered
to
have
an
important
role
in
structuring
populations
and
communities.
Accordingly,
many
studies
quantied
growth
rates
of
scleractinian
corals,
but
using
variety
different
methods
measures
that
may
or
not
be
comparable.
The
purpose
this
review
compile
extensive
data
on
the
relate
disparate
measuring
coral
growth,
explore
spatial,
temporal,
taxonomic
variation
rates.
most
common
metric
linear
extension,
measured
as
unidirectional
change
branch
length
colony
radius.
Rates
extension
vary
greatly
among
being
highest
arborescent
Acropora
species.
This
unexpected
given
limited
carbonate
investment
producing
long,
slender
branches
compared
solid
hemispherical
colonies.
However,
differences
way
are
actually
(e.g.,
individual
vs.
changes
mean
radius
massive
corals)
could
potentially
bias
interspecic
comparisons
growth.
comparable
measure
which
gives
unbiased
estimates
across
forms,
average
annual
calcication
weight
normalized
size.
Surprisingly,
even
appear
much
higher
for
branching
other
genera,
contributes
high
recorded
genus.
Despite
inconsistencies
incompatibilities
there
clear
evidence
spatially
temporally,
largely
response
light
water
quality
turbidity),
temperature,
aragonite
saturation
state.
Ongoing
environmental
conditions
due
climate
change)
expected
negative
consequences
further
exacerbated
by
shifts
assemblage
structure
towards
relatively
slowgrowing
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
23(9), С. 3437 - 3448
Опубликована: Март 1, 2017
Abstract
Many
ecosystems
around
the
world
are
rapidly
deteriorating
due
to
both
local
and
global
pressures,
perhaps
none
so
precipitously
as
coral
reefs.
Management
of
reefs
through
maintenance
(e.g.,
marine‐protected
areas,
catchment
management
improve
water
quality),
restoration,
well
national
governmental
agreements
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions
2015
Paris
Agreement)
is
critical
for
persistence
Despite
these
initiatives,
health
abundance
corals
declining
other
solutions
will
soon
be
required.
We
have
recently
discussed
options
using
assisted
evolution
(i.e.,
selective
breeding,
gene
flow,
conditioning
or
epigenetic
programming,
manipulation
microbiome)
a
means
enhance
environmental
stress
tolerance
success
reef
restoration
efforts.
The
2014–2016
bleaching
event
has
sharpened
focus
on
such
interventionist
approaches.
highlight
necessity
consideration
alternative
hybrid)
ecosystem
states,
discuss
traits
resilient
ecosystems,
propose
decision
tree
incorporating
into
initiatives
climate
resilience
Global Environmental Change,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
28, С. 289 - 297
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2014
The
idea
that
there
is
an
identifiable
set
of
boundaries,
beyond
which
anthropogenic
change
will
put
the
Earth
system
outside
a
safe
operating
space
for
humanity,
attracting
interest
in
scientific
community
and
gaining
support
environmental
policy
world.
Rockstrom
et
al.
(2009)
identify
nine
such
boundaries
highlight
biodiversity
loss
as
being
single
boundary
where
current
rates
extinction
furthest
space.
Here
we
review
evidence
to
based
on
weaknesses
with
this
metric
its
bearing
humanity's
needs.
While
changes
are
undisputed
importance,
show
both
rate
species
richness
weak
metrics
purpose,
they
do
not
scale
well
from
local
regional
or
global
levels.
We
develop
alternative
approaches
determine
extend
our
analysis
consider
large-scale
responses
could
affect
suitability
complex
human
societies
turn
mediated
by
biosphere.
suggest
three
facets
be
based:
genetic
library
life;
functional
type
diversity;
biome
condition
extent.
For
each
these
explore
science
needed
indicate
how
it
might
measured
would
societies.
In
addition
facets,
biodiversity's
role
supporting
humanity
may
lie
primarily
interactions
other
suggesting
immediate
area
focus
scientists
policymakers.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
11(7), С. e0158094 - e0158094
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2016
Natural
habitats
have
the
ability
to
protect
coastal
communities
against
impacts
of
waves
and
storms,
yet
it
is
unclear
how
different
complement
each
other
reduce
those
impacts.
Here,
we
investigate
individual
combined
protection
services
supplied
by
live
corals
on
reefs,
seagrass
meadows,
mangrove
forests
during
both
non-storm
storm
conditions,
under
present
future
sea-level
conditions.
Using
idealized
profiles
fringing
barrier
quantify
these
using
various
metrics
inundation
erosion.
We
find
that,
together,
corals,
seagrasses,
mangroves
supply
more
than
any
habitat
or
combination
two
habitats.
Specifically,
while
are
most
effective
at
protecting
coast
seagrasses
also
moderate
impact
thereby
further
reducing
vulnerability
regions.
Also,
in
addition
structural
differences,
amount
service
our
analysis
highly
dependent
geomorphic
setting,
location
forcing
conditions:
reef
profile
seagrasses;
corals;
simulations,
can
even
compensate
for
long-term
degradation
reef.
Results
this
study
demonstrate
importance
taking
integrated
place-based
approaches
when
quantifying
managing
ecosystems.
Annual Review of Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(1), С. 307 - 334
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019
Scientists
have
advocated
for
local
interventions,
such
as
creating
marine
protected
areas
and
implementing
fishery
restrictions,
ways
to
mitigate
stressors
limit
the
effects
of
climate
change
on
reef-building
corals.
However,
in
a
literature
review,
we
find
little
empirical
support
notion
managed
resilience.
We
outline
some
reasons
why
protection
herbivorous
fish
(especially
parrotfish)
had
effect
coral
One
key
explanation
is
that
impacts
(e.g.,
pollution
fishing)
are
often
swamped
by
much
greater
ocean
warming
Another
sheer
complexity
(including
numerous
context
dependencies)
five
cascading
links
assumed
managed-resilience
hypothesis.
If
reefs
cannot
be
saved
actions
alone,
then
it
time
face
reef
degradation
head-on,
directly
addressing
anthropogenic
change—the
root
cause
global
decline.
Science,
Год журнала:
2015,
Номер
350(6262), С. 769 - 771
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2015
Coral
reefs
are
highly
dynamic
ecosystems
that
regularly
exposed
to
natural
perturbations.
Human
activities
have
increased
the
range,
intensity,
and
frequency
of
disturbance
reefs.
Threats
such
as
overfishing
pollution
being
compounded
by
climate
change,
notably
warming
ocean
acidification.
Elevated
temperatures
driving
increasingly
frequent
bleaching
events
can
lead
loss
both
coral
cover
reef
structural
complexity.
There
remains
considerable
variability
in
distribution
threats
ability
survive
or
recover
from
disturbances.
Without
significant
emissions
reductions,
however,
future
is
bleak.