Genetics of dispersal

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 93(1), С. 574 - 599

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2017

Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics populations communities, because its diverse consequences gene flow demography. It subject to change, which begs question, what genetic basis this potentially complex trait? To address we (i) review empirical literature on dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations evolution dispersal have represented genetics (iii) discuss influences predictions potential consequences. has detectable in many organisms, from bacteria plants animals. Generally, there evidence significant variation or dispersal-related phenotypes micro-evolution natural populations. typically outcome several interacting traits, complexity reflected architecture: while some genes moderate large effect can influence certain aspects traits are polygenic. Correlations among as well between other under selection common, be highly environment-dependent. By contrast, models historically considered simplified architecture dispersal. only recently that started consider multiple loci influencing non-additive effects such dominance epistasis, showing rates outcomes, especially non-equilibrium conditions. For example, number controlling projected during range shifts corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism thus necessary enable move beyond purely towards making useful current future environmental inform these advances, studies need answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific underlie variation, context-dependent behaviours, correlations traits.

Язык: Английский

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Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history

Oikos, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 126(4), С. 472 - 479

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2016

The study of tradeoffs among major life history components (age at maturity, lifespan and reproduction) allowed the development a quantitative framework to understand how environmental variation shapes patterns biodiversity within species. Because every environment is inherently spatially structured, in most cases temporally variable, individuals need move habitats maximize fitness. Dispersal often assumed be tightly integrated into histories through genetic correlations with other vital traits. This assumption particularly strong context fast‐slow continuum life‐history variation. Such date used explain many aspects population community dynamics. Evidence for consistent context‐independent integration dispersal is, however, weak. We therefore advocate explicit theory as principal axis influencing fitness, that free evolve, independently synthesize theoretical empirical evidence on central role its evolutionary dynamics spatial distribution ecological strategies impact spread, invasions coexistence. By applying an optimality we show inclusion independent dimension might substantially change our view trajectories structured environments. changes configuration affect costs movement dispersal, adaptations reduce these will increase phenotypic divergence populations. outline this heterogeneity anticipated further

Язык: Английский

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Rapid evolution of dispersal ability makes biological invasions faster and more variable

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2017

Genetic variation in dispersal ability may result the spatial sorting of alleles during range expansion. Recent theory suggests that can favour rapid evolution life history traits at expanding fronts, and therefore modify ecological dynamics Here we test this prediction by disrupting replicated invasions bean beetle Callosobruchus maculatus across homogeneous experimental landscapes. We show promotes distance, which increases speed variability invasions: after 10 generations expansion, subject to spread 8.9% farther exhibit 41-fold more variable relative is suppressed. Correspondingly, descendants from spatially evolving greater mean variance distance. Our results reveal an important role for invasion, even absence environmental filters, argue evolutionarily informed forecasts invasive exotic species or climate change migration native species.

Язык: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks—Theoretical models and perspectives

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 33(1), С. 13 - 30

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2018

Abstract Theoretical models pertaining to feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes are prevalent in multiple biological fields. An integrative overview is currently lacking, due little crosstalk the fields use of different methodological approaches. Here, we review a wide range eco‐evolutionary highlight their underlying assumptions. We discuss where occur both within hierarchical levels ecosystems, including populations, communities abiotic environments, consider across spatial scales. Identifying commonalities among feedback models, assumptions, helps us better understand mechanistic basis feedbacks. Eco‐evolutionary can be readily modelled by coupling demographic formalisms. provide an these approaches suggest future modelling avenues. Our highlights that have been incorporated theoretical work for nearly century. Yet, this does not always include notion rapid evolution or concurrent time show importance density‐ frequency‐dependent selection feedbacks, as well dispersal central linking trait ecology context. A plain language summary available article.

Язык: Английский

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Eco‐evolution on the edge during climate change

Ecography, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 42(7), С. 1280 - 1297

Опубликована: Март 28, 2019

We urgently need to predict species responses climate change minimize future biodiversity loss and ensure we do not waste limited resources on ineffective conservation strategies. Currently, most predictions of ignore the potential for evolution. However, evolution can alter ecological responses, different aspects ecology interact produce complex eco‐evolutionary dynamics under change. Here review how could warm cool range margins, where be especially important. discuss in isolation, then synthesize results consider multiple evolutionary processes might affect On dispersal increase expansion rates allow adapt novel conditions their new range. low genetic variation drift small range‐front populations also slow or halt expansions. Together, these effects cause a three‐step, stop‐and‐go pattern many species. isolation among maintain high that facilitates climates allows persist longer than expected without This ‘evolutionary extinction debt’ prevent other from shifting ranges. as increases populations, increasing mortality select decreased rapid contractions. Some explain why are responding predicted. conclude by suggesting resurveying historical studies measured trait frequencies, strength selection, heritabilities an efficient way our knowledge biology.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid adaptive evolution in novel environments acts as an architect of population range expansion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(51), С. 13501 - 13506

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2017

Significance It is crucial to understand what governs the growth and spread of populations colonizing novel environments better predict species responses global change, including range shifts in response warming biological invasions. Evolutionary processes can be rapid enough influence populations; however, it unclear whether evolution course colonization events or if an outcome that arises gradually after successful establishment. We either allowed restricted replicate released a environment, found were evolve grew three times larger expanded their ranges 46% faster compared with nonevolving populations. Thus, facilitates from outset should considered management decisions.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid evolution accelerates plant population spread in fragmented experimental landscapes

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 353(6298), С. 482 - 485

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2016

Patchy landscapes select for invasiveness Invasive species are ubiquitous in human-dominated landscapes, yet we have only limited understanding of their ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Williams et al. used an experimental system with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to examine how evolution affects spread populations through varying patchiness. Plant height dispersal ability evolved more rapidly patchier suggesting that fragmentation can rapid invasion velocity. Hence, may need be taken into account predictions future rates. Science , this issue p. 482

Язык: Английский

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Rapid trait evolution drives increased speed and variance in experimental range expansions

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2017

Abstract Range expansions are central to two ecological issues reshaping patterns of global biodiversity: biological invasions and climate change. Traditional theory considers range expansion as the outcome demographic processes birth, death dispersal, while ignoring evolutionary implications such processes. Recent research suggests evolution could also play a critical role in determining speed but controlled experiments lacking. Here we use flour beetles ( Tribolium castaneum ) show experimentally that mean stochastic variation both increased by rapid traits at edge. We find higher dispersal ability lower intrinsic growth rates evolve edge compared with spatially nonevolving controls. Furthermore, these is variable, leading enhanced variance among replicate population expansions. Our results demonstrate must be considered alongside ones better understand predict

Язык: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in fragmented landscapes

Ecography, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 40(1), С. 9 - 25

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2016

It is widely recognized that ecological dynamics influence evolutionary dynamics, and conversely changes alter processes. Because fragmentation impacts all biological levels (from individuals to ecosystems) through isolation reduced habitat size, it strongly affects the links among processes such as population local adaptation, dispersal speciation. Here, we review our current knowledge of eco‐evolutionary in fragmented landscapes, focusing on both theory experimental studies. We then suggest future directions study and/or feedbacks especially bridge gap between theoretical predictions validations.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic Theory and the Temperature-Size Rule Explain the Temperature Dependence of Population Carrying Capacity

The American Naturalist, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 192(6), С. 687 - 697

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2018

The temperature dependence of highly conserved subcellular metabolic systems affects ecological patterns and processes across scales, from organisms to ecosystems. Population density at carrying capacity plays an important role in evolutionary processes, biodiversity, ecosystem function, yet how it varies with temperature-dependent metabolism remains unclear. Though the exponential effect on intrinsic population growth rate, r, is well known, we still lack clear evidence that capacity, K, declines increasing per capita as predicted by theory ecology (MTE). We experimentally tested whether effects photosynthesis propagate directly a model species, mobile phytoplankton Tetraselmis tetrahele. After maintaining populations fixed resource supply temperatures for 43 days, found declined temperature. This decline was quantitatively when models included rates temperature-associated body-size shifts. Our results demonstrate warming reduces body size rate interact determine dynamics. These findings bolster efforts relate via MTE.

Язык: Английский

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