Micro and Nano Engineering,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
1, С. 15 - 24
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2018
In
this
article,
we
review
an
important
cytogenetic
technique
-
fluorescence
in
situ
hybridization
(FISH)
which
is
used
for
obtaining
spatial
genomic
and
transcriptomic
information.
FISH
widely
utilized
cell
biological
research
as
well
diagnostic
applications
preventive
reproductive
medicine,
oncology.
It
the
gold
standard
detection
of
chromosomal
abnormalities.
Despite
high
specificity
possibility
direct
quantitative
imaging,
some
its
key
limitations
prevent
regular
use
diagnostics.
To
promote
extensive
these
applications,
assay
time
probe
consumption
will
need
to
be
addressed.
Microfluidic
technologies
hold
great
promise
improving
exactly
parameters.
past
two
decades,
microtechnology
has
matured
enabled
a
new
line
analysis
tools
biomedical
chemical
sciences.
Incidentally,
convergence
with
microfluidics
starting
have
decisive
impact
field
medical
By
miniaturizing
implementations
assays,
special
characteristics
fluid
flow
small
volumes
can
leveraged
modify
reaction
kinetics
thus
reagent
delivery
assays.
Here
highlight
selected
historical
views
on
FISH,
current
implementations,
provide
perspective
future
developments
micro-scale
FISH.
The
spatial
organization
of
chromatin
is
pivotal
for
regulating
genome
functions.
We
report
an
imaging
method
tracing
with
kilobase-
and
nanometer-scale
resolution,
unveiling
conformation
across
topologically
associating
domains
(TADs)
in
thousands
individual
cells.
Our
data
revealed
TAD-like
structures
globular
sharp
domain
boundaries
single
varied
from
cell
to
cell,
occurring
nonzero
probabilities
at
all
genomic
positions
but
preferentially
CCCTC-binding
factor
(CTCF)-
cohesin-binding
sites.
Notably,
cohesin
depletion,
which
abolished
TADs
the
population-average
level,
did
not
diminish
cells
eliminated
preferential
boundary
positions.
Moreover,
we
observed
widespread,
cooperative,
multiway
interactions,
remained
after
depletion.
These
results
provide
critical
insight
into
mechanisms
underlying
hub
formation.
Science,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
353(6299), С. 598 - 602
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2016
Spatial
organization
inside
the
nucleus
In
eukaryotic
cells,
DNA
is
packaged
into
a
complex
macromolecular
structure
called
chromatin.
Wang
et
al.
have
developed
an
imaging
method
to
map
position
of
multiple
regions
on
individual
chromosomes,
and
results
confirm
that
chromatin
organized
large
contact
domains
TADS
(topologically
associating
domains).
Unexpectedly,
though,
folding
deviates
from
classical
fractal-globule
model
at
length
scales.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
598
