Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
35(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022
The
human
body
is
full
of
an
extensive
number
commensal
microbes,
consisting
bacteria,
viruses,
and
fungi,
collectively
termed
the
microbiome.
initial
acquisition
microbiota
occurs
from
both
external
maternal
environments,
vast
majority
them
colonize
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT).
These
microbial
communities
play
a
central
role
in
maturation
development
immune
system,
nervous
GIT
system
are
also
responsible
for
essential
metabolic
pathways.
Various
factors,
including
host
genetic
predisposition,
environmental
lifestyle,
diet,
antibiotic
or
nonantibiotic
drug
use,
etc.,
affect
composition
gut
microbiota.
Recent
publications
have
highlighted
that
imbalance
microflora,
known
as
dysbiosis,
associated
with
onset
progression
neurological
disorders.
Moreover,
characterization
microbiome-host
cross
talk
pathways
provides
insight
into
novel
therapeutic
strategies.
Novel
preclinical
clinical
research
on
interventions
related
to
microbiome
treating
conditions,
autism
spectrum
disorders,
Parkinson's
disease,
schizophrenia,
multiple
sclerosis,
Alzheimer's
epilepsy,
stroke,
hold
significant
promise.
This
review
aims
present
comprehensive
overview
potential
involvement
pathogenesis
particular
emphasis
microbe-based
therapies
and/or
diagnostic
biomarkers.
discusses
health
benefits
administration
probiotics,
prebiotics,
postbiotics,
synbiotics
fecal
transplantation
Biochemical Journal,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
474(11), С. 1823 - 1836
Опубликована: Май 16, 2017
The
human
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract
harbours
a
complex
and
dynamic
population
of
microorganisms,
the
gut
microbiota,
which
exert
marked
influence
on
host
during
homeostasis
disease.
Multiple
factors
contribute
to
establishment
microbiota
infancy.
Diet
is
considered
as
one
main
drivers
in
shaping
across
life
time.
Intestinal
bacteria
play
crucial
role
maintaining
immune
metabolic
protecting
against
pathogens.
Altered
bacterial
composition
(dysbiosis)
has
been
associated
with
pathogenesis
many
inflammatory
diseases
infections.
interpretation
these
studies
relies
better
understanding
inter-individual
variations,
heterogeneity
communities
along
GI
tract,
functional
redundancy
need
distinguish
cause
from
effect
states
dysbiosis.
This
review
summarises
our
current
development
its
impact
integrity
health,
underlying
for
mechanistic
focusing
host–microbe
interactions.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021
Abstract
Cancer
development
and
its
response
to
therapy
are
regulated
by
inflammation,
which
either
promotes
or
suppresses
tumor
progression,
potentially
displaying
opposing
effects
on
therapeutic
outcomes.
Chronic
inflammation
facilitates
progression
treatment
resistance,
whereas
induction
of
acute
inflammatory
reactions
often
stimulates
the
maturation
dendritic
cells
(DCs)
antigen
presentation,
leading
anti-tumor
immune
responses.
In
addition,
multiple
signaling
pathways,
such
as
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-kB),
Janus
kinase/signal
transducers
activators
transcription
(JAK-STAT),
toll-like
receptor
(TLR)
cGAS/STING,
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK);
factors,
including
cytokines
(e.g.,
interleukin
(IL),
interferon
(IFN),
necrosis
(TNF)-α),
chemokines
C-C
motif
chemokine
ligands
(CCLs)
C-X-C
(CXCLs)),
growth
factors
vascular
endothelial
(VEGF),
transforming
(TGF)-β),
inflammasome;
well
metabolites
prostaglandins,
leukotrienes,
thromboxane,
specialized
proresolving
mediators
(SPM),
have
been
identified
pivotal
regulators
initiation
resolution
inflammation.
Nowadays,
local
irradiation,
recombinant
cytokines,
neutralizing
antibodies,
small-molecule
inhibitors,
DC
vaccines,
oncolytic
viruses,
TLR
agonists,
SPM
developed
specifically
modulate
in
cancer
therapy,
with
some
these
already
undergoing
clinical
trials.
Herein,
we
discuss
crosstalk
between
processes.
We
also
highlight
potential
targets
for
harnessing
cancer.
