The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
216(1), С. 41 - 59
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2018
Microglia,
the
resident
immune
cells
in
brain,
are
essential
for
modulating
neurogenesis,
influencing
synaptic
remodeling,
and
regulating
neuroinflammation
by
surveying
brain
microenvironment.
Microglial
dysfunction
has
been
implicated
onset
progression
of
several
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
diseases;
however,
multitude
factors
signals
microglial
activity
have
not
fully
elucidated.
Microglia
only
respond
to
local
within
but
also
receive
input
from
periphery,
including
gastrointestinal
(GI)
tract.
Recent
preclinical
findings
suggest
that
gut
microbiome
plays
a
pivotal
role
maturation
function,
altered
microbial
community
composition
reported
neurological
disorders
with
known
involvement
humans.
Collectively,
these
bidirectional
crosstalk
between
may
influence
disease
pathogenesis.
Herein,
we
discuss
recent
studies
showing
development
function
homeostatic
conditions
highlight
possible
future
research
develop
novel
treatments
brain.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
26(10), С. 5481 - 5503
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2021
Abstract
Breakthroughs
in
molecular
medicine
have
positioned
the
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
pathway
at
center
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
pathophysiology.
While
detailed
mechanisms
and
spatial-temporal
dynamics
leading
to
synaptic
failure,
neurodegeneration,
clinical
onset
are
still
under
intense
investigation,
established
biochemical
alterations
Aβ
cycle
remain
core
biological
hallmark
AD
promising
targets
for
development
disease-modifying
therapies.
Here,
we
systematically
review
update
vast
state-of-the-art
literature
science
with
evidence
from
basic
research
studies
human
genetic
multi-modal
biomarker
investigations,
which
supports
a
crucial
role
dyshomeostasis
pathophysiological
dynamics.
We
discuss
highlighting
differentiated
interaction
distinct
species
other
AD-related
mechanisms,
such
as
tau-mediated,
neuroimmune
inflammatory
changes,
well
neurochemical
imbalance.
Through
lens
latest
multimodal
vivo
biomarkers
AD,
this
cross-disciplinary
examines
compelling
hypothesis-
data-driven
rationale
Aβ-targeting
therapeutic
strategies
early
treatment
AD.
Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
359(6376), С. 693 - 697
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2018
Genes
overlap
across
psychiatric
disease
Many
genome-wide
studies
have
examined
genes
associated
with
a
range
of
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
However,
the
degree
to
which
genetic
underpinnings
these
diseases
differ
or
is
unknown.
Gandal
et
al.
performed
meta-analyses
transcriptomic
covering
five
major
disorders
and
compared
cases
controls
identify
coexpressed
gene
modules.
From
this,
they
found
that
some
share
global
expression
patterns.
This
in
polygenic
traits
may
allow
for
better
diagnosis
treatment.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
693
Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
362(6411), С. 181 - 185
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2018
Glia
constitute
roughly
half
of
the
cells
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
but
were
long-considered
to
be
static
bystanders
its
formation
and
function.
Here
we
provide
an
overview
how
diverse
dynamic
functions
glial
orchestrate
essentially
all
aspects
Radial
glia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocyte
progenitor
cells,
oligodendrocytes,
microglia
each
influence
development,
from
neuronal
birth,
migration,
axon
specification,
growth
through
circuit
assembly
synaptogenesis.
As
neural
circuits
mature,
distinct
glia
fulfill
key
roles
in
synaptic
communication,
plasticity,
homeostasis,
network-level
activity
monitoring
alteration
CNS
structure
Continued
elucidation
cell
biology,
interactions
neurons
will
enrich
our
understanding
formation,
health,
