Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023
Abstract
Amino
acids
are
basic
nutrients
for
immune
cells
during
organ
development,
tissue
homeostasis,
and
the
response.
Regarding
metabolic
reprogramming
in
tumor
microenvironment,
dysregulation
of
amino
acid
consumption
is
an
important
underlying
mechanism
leading
to
impaired
anti-tumor
immunity.
Emerging
studies
have
revealed
that
altered
metabolism
tightly
linked
outgrowth,
metastasis,
therapeutic
resistance
through
governing
fate
various
cells.
During
these
processes,
concentration
free
acids,
their
membrane
bound
transporters,
key
enzymes,
sensors
such
as
mTOR
GCN2
play
critical
roles
controlling
cell
differentiation
function.
As
such,
anti-cancer
responses
could
be
enhanced
by
supplement
specific
essential
or
targeting
enzymes
sensors,
thereby
developing
novel
adjuvant
modalities.
To
further
dissect
regulation
immunity,
this
review
summarizes
regulatory
mechanisms
effects
on
phenotypes
functions
tumor-infiltrating
propose
approaches
exploited
rewire
enhance
cancer
immunotherapy.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
52(9), С. 1496 - 1516
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020
Abstract
As
knowledge
of
cell
metabolism
has
advanced,
glutamine
been
considered
an
important
amino
acid
that
supplies
carbon
and
nitrogen
to
fuel
biosynthesis.
A
recent
study
provided
a
new
perspective
on
mitochondrial
metabolism,
offering
mechanistic
insights
into
metabolic
adaptation
during
tumor
hypoxia,
the
emergence
drug
resistance,
glutaminolysis-induced
reprogramming
presenting
strategies
target
in
cancer
cells.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
various
biosynthetic
bioenergetic
roles
based
compartmentalization
explain
why
cells
exhibit
reliance
glutamine.
Additionally,
examined
whether
derivatives
contribute
epigenetic
regulation
associated
with
tumorigenesis.
addition,
discussing
transporters,
propose
for
therapeutic
intervention
cancer.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
52(1), С. 15 - 30
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
Abstract
Over
90
years
ago,
Otto
Warburg’s
seminal
discovery
of
aerobic
glycolysis
established
metabolic
reprogramming
as
one
the
first
distinguishing
characteristics
cancer
1
.
The
field
metabolism
subsequently
revealed
additional
alterations
in
by
focusing
on
central
carbon
metabolism,
including
citric
acid
cycle
and
pentose
phosphate
pathway.
Recent
reports
have,
however,
uncovered
substantial
non-carbon
contributions
to
cell
viability
growth.
Amino
acids,
nutrients
vital
survival
all
types,
experience
reprogrammed
cancer.
This
review
outlines
diverse
roles
amino
acids
within
tumor
microenvironment.
Beyond
their
role
biosynthesis,
they
serve
energy
sources
help
maintain
redox
balance.
In
addition,
derivatives
contribute
epigenetic
regulation
immune
responses
linked
tumorigenesis
metastasis.
Furthermore,
discussing
transporters
transaminases
that
mediate
uptake
synthesis,
we
identify
potential
liabilities
targets
for
therapeutic
intervention.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
9(10), С. 2308 - 2308
Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2020
Aberrant
metabolism
is
a
major
hallmark
of
cancer.
Abnormal
cancer
metabolism,
such
as
aerobic
glycolysis
and
increased
anabolic
pathways,
has
important
roles
in
tumorigenesis,
metastasis,
drug
resistance,
stem
cells.
Well-known
oncogenic
signaling
phosphoinositide
3-kinase
(PI3K)/AKT,
Myc,
Hippo
pathway,
mediate
metabolic
gene
expression
increase
enzyme
activities.
Vice
versa,
deregulated
pathways
contribute
to
defects
cellular
signal
transduction
which
turn
provide
energy,
building
blocks,
redox
potentials
for
unrestrained
cell
proliferation.
Studies
clinical
trials
are
being
performed
that
focus
on
the
inhibition
enzymes
by
small
molecules
or
dietary
interventions
(e.g.,
fasting,
calorie
restriction,
intermittent
fasting).
Similar
genetic
heterogeneity,
phenotypes
cancers
highly
heterogeneous.
This
heterogeneity
results
from
diverse
cues
tumor
microenvironment
mutations.
Hence,
overcoming
plasticity
an
goal
modern
therapeutics.
review
highlights
recent
findings
elucidates
interactions
between
pathways.
We
also
novel
rationales
designing
next-generation
drugs.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(2), С. 558 - 580
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
an
aggressive
human
cancer
with
increasing
incidence
worldwide.
Multiple
efforts
have
been
made
to
explore
pharmaceutical
therapies
treat
HCC,
such
as
targeted
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors,
immune
based
and
combination
of
chemotherapy.
However,
limitations
exist
in
current
strategies
including
chemoresistance
for
instance.
Tumor
initiation
progression
driven
by
reprogramming
metabolism,
particular
during
HCC
development.
Recently,
metabolic
associated
fatty
liver
disease
(MAFLD),
a
reappraisal
new
nomenclature
non-alcoholic
(NAFLD),
indicates
growing
appreciation
metabolism
the
pathogenesis
disease,
thereby
suggesting
targeting
abnormal
treatment.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
directions
highlighting
targets
glucose,
acid,
amino
acid
glutamine
which
are
suitable
intervention.
We
also
summarize
discuss
agents
studies
deregulated
Furthermore,
opportunities
challenges
discovery
development
therapy
discussed.
