Energy & Environmental Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(4), С. 1897 - 1927
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
The
review
summarizes
transition
metal-based
bimetallic
MOFs
and
their
derived
materials
as
electrocatalytic
for
the
OER.
mechanisms
of
OER
probed
by
DFT
calculation
andin
situcharacterization
techniques
are
also
discussed.
BACKGROUND
As
the
world
continues
to
transition
toward
carbon
emissions–free
energy
technologies,
there
remains
a
need
also
reduce
emissions
of
chemical
production
industry.
Today
many
world’s
chemicals
are
produced
from
fossil
fuel–derived
feedstocks.
Electrochemical
conversion
dioxide
(CO
2
)
into
feedstocks
offers
way
turn
waste
valuable
products,
closing
loop.
When
coupled
renewable
sources
electricity,
these
products
can
be
made
with
net
negative
footprint,
helping
sequester
CO
usable
goods.
Research
and
development
electrocatalytic
materials
for
reduction
has
intensified
in
recent
years,
advances
selectivity,
efficiency,
reaction
rate
progressing
practical
implementation.
A
variety
,
such
as
alcohols,
oxygenates,
synthesis
gas
(syngas),
olefins—staples
global
Because
at
substantial
scale,
switch
renewably
powered
could
result
impact.
The
advancement
electrochemical
technology
convert
electrons
generated
power
stable
form
represents
one
avenue
long-term
(e.g.,
seasonal)
storage
energy.
ADVANCES
science
progress,
priority
given
pinpoint
more
accurately
targets
application,
economics
barriers
market
entry.
It
will
important
scale
electrolyzers
increase
stability
catalysts
thousands
hours
continuous
operation.
Product
separation
efficient
recycling
electrolyte
managed.
petrochemical
industry
operates
massive
complicated
supply
chain
heavy
capital
costs.
Commodity
markets
difficult
penetrate
priced
on
feedstock,
which
is
currently
inexpensive
shale
boom.
capture
costs
flue
or
direct
air
product
unreacted
consider.
Assuming
that
technologies
apace,
what
it
take
disrupt
sector,
society
gain
by
doing
so?
This
review
presents
technoeconomic
assessment
ethylene,
ethanol,
monoxide,
offering
target
figures
merit
application.
price
electricity
far
largest
cost
driver.
begin
match
those
traditional
processes
when
prices
fall
below
4
cents
per
kWh
efficiencies
reach
least
60%.
footprint.
comparative
analysis
electrocatalytic,
biocatalytic,
shows
potential
yield
greatest
emissions,
provided
steady
clean
available.
Additionally,
opportunities
exist
combine
range
other
thermo-
biocatalytic
slowly
electrify
existing
further
upgrade
useful
chemicals.
Technical
challenges
operating
lifetime,
discussed.
Supply
management
entrenched
industrial
competition
considered.
OUTLOOK
There
exists
increasingly
widespread
recognition
means
production.
pricing
mechanisms
being
developed
seeing
increased
governmental
support.
nascent
utilization
economy
gaining
traction,
startup
companies,
prizes,
research
efforts
all
pursuing
new
technologies.
Recent
through
use
diffusion
electrodes
pushing
current
densities
selectivities
realm
use.
Despite
this
remain
technical
must
overcome
commercial
ultimately
decide
whether
experiences
conversion.
Reduction
using
sourced
transform
commodity
fuels.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
118(5), С. 2302 - 2312
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2018
Despite
the
dedicated
search
for
novel
catalysts
fuel
cell
applications,
intrinsic
oxygen
reduction
reaction
(ORR)
activity
of
materials
has
not
improved
significantly
over
past
decade.
Here,
we
review
role
theory
in
understanding
ORR
mechanism
and
highlight
descriptor-based
approaches
that
have
been
used
to
identify
with
increased
activity.
Specifically,
by
showing
performance
commonly
studied
(e.g.,
metals,
alloys,
carbons,
etc.)
is
limited
unfavorable
scaling
relationships
(for
binding
energies
intermediates),
present
a
number
alternative
strategies
may
lead
design
discovery
more
promising
ORR.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
119(6), С. 3962 - 4179
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2019
Photoreduction
of
CO2
into
sustainable
and
green
solar
fuels
is
generally
believed
to
be
an
appealing
solution
simultaneously
overcome
both
environmental
problems
energy
crisis.
The
low
selectivity
challenging
multi-electron
photoreduction
reactions
makes
it
one
the
holy
grails
in
heterogeneous
photocatalysis.
This
Review
highlights
important
roles
cocatalysts
selective
photocatalytic
reduction
using
semiconductor
catalysts.
A
special
emphasis
this
review
placed
on
key
role,
design
considerations
modification
strategies
for
photoreduction.
Various
cocatalysts,
such
as
biomimetic,
metal-based,
metal-free,
multifunctional
ones,
their
are
summarized
discussed,
along
with
recent
advances
area.
provides
useful
information
highly
photo(electro)reduction
electroreduction
complements
existing
reviews
various
photocatalysts.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
118(13), С. 6337 - 6408
Опубликована: Март 19, 2018
Over
the
past
few
decades,
design
and
development
of
advanced
electrocatalysts
for
efficient
energy
conversion
technologies
have
been
subjects
extensive
study.
With
discovery
graphene,
two-dimensional
(2D)
nanomaterials
emerged
as
some
most
promising
candidates
heterogeneous
due
to
their
unique
physical,
chemical,
electronic
properties.
Here,
we
review
2D-nanomaterial-based
selected
electrocatalytic
processes.
We
first
discuss
advances
in
2D
based
on
different
compositions
functions
followed
by
specific
principles.
Following
this
overview,
various
processes
involved
water
cycle,
carbon
nitrogen
cycle
from
fundamental
conception
functional
application.
place
a
significant
emphasis
engineering
strategies
influence
these
intrinsic
material
performance,
such
properties
adsorption
energetics.
Finally,
feature
opportunities
challenges
ahead
electrocatalysts.
By
considering
theoretical
calculations,
surface
characterization,
electrochemical
tests,
describe
relationships
between
structure,
energy,
apparent
activity
wide
variety
with
goal
providing
better
understanding
emerging
at
atomic
level.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
33(31)
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2021
Abstract
Hydrogen
economy
has
emerged
as
a
very
promising
alternative
to
the
current
hydrocarbon
economy,
which
involves
process
of
harvesting
renewable
energy
split
water
into
hydrogen
and
oxygen
then
further
utilization
clean
fuel.
The
production
by
electrolysis
is
an
essential
prerequisite
with
zero
carbon
emission.
Among
various
technologies,
alkaline
splitting
been
commercialized
for
more
than
100
years,
representing
most
mature
economic
technology.
Here,
historic
development
overviewed,
several
critical
electrochemical
parameters
are
discussed.
After
that,
advanced
nonprecious
metal
electrocatalysts
that
recently
negotiating
evolution
reaction
(OER)
(HER)
discussed,
including
transition
oxides,
(oxy)hydroxides,
chalcogenides,
phosphides,
nitrides
OER,
well
alloys,
carbides
HER.
In
this
section,
particular
attention
paid
catalyst
synthesis,
activity
stability
challenges,
performance
improvement,
industry‐relevant
developments.
Some
recent
works
about
scaled‐up
novel
electrode
designs,
seawater
also
spotlighted.
Finally,
outlook
on
future
challenges
opportunities
offered,
potential
directions
speculated.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
120(16), С. 8468 - 8535
Опубликована: Март 30, 2020
More
than
95%
(in
volume)
of
all
today's
chemical
products
are
manufactured
through
catalytic
processes,
making
research
into
more
efficient
materials
a
thrilling
and
very
dynamic
field.
In
this
regard,
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
offer
great
opportunities
for
the
rational
design
new
solids,
as
highlighted
by
unprecedented
number
publications
appearing
over
past
decade.
review,
recent
advances
in
application
MOFs
heterogeneous
catalysis
discussed.
with
intrinsic
thermocatalytic
activity,
hosts
incorporation
metal
nanoparticles,
precursors
manufacture
composite
catalysts
those
active
photo-
electrocatalytic
processes
critically
reviewed.
The
review
is
wrapped
up
our
personal
view
on
future
directions.
