DNA Methylation and Its Basic Function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 38(1), С. 23 - 38

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Global Epigenomic Reconfiguration During Mammalian Brain Development

Science, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 341(6146)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2013

Epigenetic Brainscape modifications and their potential changes during development are of high interest, but few studies have characterized such differences. Lister et al. ( 1237905 , published online 4 July; see the Perspective by Gabel Greenberg ) report whole-genome base-resolution analysis DNA cytosine transcriptome in frontal cortex human mouse brains at multiple developmental stages. The high-resolution mapping methylation (5mC) one its oxidation derivatives (5hmC) key stages provides a comprehensive resource covering temporal dynamics these epigenetic neurons compared to glia. data suggest that marks dynamic brain both humans mice.

Язык: Английский

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TET-mediated active DNA demethylation: mechanism, function and beyond

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 18(9), С. 517 - 534

Опубликована: Май 30, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus: From Stem Cells to Behavior

Cell, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 167(4), С. 897 - 914

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Epigenomic Signatures of Neuronal Diversity in the Mammalian Brain

Neuron, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 86(6), С. 1369 - 1384

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Distribution, recognition and regulation of non-CpG methylation in the adult mammalian brain

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 17(2), С. 215 - 222

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2013

Язык: Английский

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DNA Methylation Analysis: Choosing the Right Method

Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 5(1), С. 3 - 3

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2016

In the burgeoning field of epigenetics, there are several methods available to determine methylation status DNA samples. However, choosing method that is best suited answering a particular biological question still proves be difficult task. This review aims provide biologists, particularly those new with simple algorithm help guide them in selection most appropriate assay meet their research needs. First all, we have separated all into two categories: used for: (1) discovery unknown epigenetic changes; and (2) assessment within regulatory regions/genes interest. The techniques then scrutinized ranked according robustness, high throughput capabilities cost. includes majority date, but focus on commercially kits or other straightforward solutions proven useful.

Язык: Английский

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Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Clinical Impact, Potential Mechanisms, and New Innovative Treatment Options

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72(3), С. 606 - 638

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020

Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder that affects over 70 million people worldwide. Despite the availability of 20 antiseizure drugs (ASDs) for symptomatic treatment epileptic seizures, about one-third patients with epilepsy have seizures refractory to pharmacotherapy. Patients such drug-resistant (DRE) increased risks premature death, injuries, psychosocial dysfunction, and reduced quality life, so development more effective therapies an urgent clinical need. However, various types complex temporal patterns refractoriness complicate issue. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms DRE are not fully understood, though recent work has begun shape our understanding clearly. Experimental models offer opportunities discover, characterize, challenge putative drug resistance. preclinical important in developing may overcome Here, we will review current molecular, genetic, structural ASD resistance discuss how this problem. Encouragingly, better elucidation pathophysiological underpinning epilepsies by concerted efforts recently enabled revised approach promising therapies, including numerous potential etiology-specific ("precision medicine") severe pediatric (monogenetic) novel multitargeted ASDs acquired partial epilepsies, suggesting long hoped-for breakthrough therapy as-yet ASD-resistant feasible goal.

Significance Statement

Drug provides major management. problem might be overcome.

Язык: Английский

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Functional annotation of the human brain methylome identifies tissue-specific epigenetic variation across brain and blood

Genome biology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 13(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2012

Abstract Background Dynamic changes to the epigenome play a critical role in establishing and maintaining cellular phenotype during differentiation, but little is known about normal methylomic differences that occur between functionally distinct areas of brain. We characterized intra- inter-individual variation across whole blood multiple regions brain from donors. Results Distinct tissue-specific patterns DNA methylation were identified, with highly significant over-representation differentially methylated (TS-DMRs) observed at intragenic CpG islands low CG density promoters. A large proportion TS-DMRs located near genes are expressed regions. significantly enriched involved functional pathways related neurodevelopment neuronal including BDNF , BMP4 CACNA1A CACA1AF EOMES NGFR NUMBL PCDH9 SLIT1 SLITRK1 SHANK3 . Although between-tissue was found greatly exceed between-individual within any one tissue, we some reflected blood, indicating peripheral tissues may have utility epidemiological studies complex neurobiological phenotypes. Conclusions This study reinforces importance regulating tissues, highlights genomic epigenetic brain, providing resource for epigenetics neuroscience research communities.

Язык: Английский

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Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 38(4), С. 267 - 296

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2017

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to total mortality, concentrated lower income groups, increasingly children as well adults. A lack effective options long-term weight reduction magnifies enormity this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, epidemiological literature assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, biological defense fat mass, tendency be regained. major area emphasis science energy homeostasis, process maintains stability by actively matching intake expenditure over time. Growing suggests a disorder homeostasis system, rather than simply arising passive accumulation need elucidate "upward setting" or "resetting" defended level whether inherited acquired. The ongoing study how genetic, developmental, environmental forces affect system will help us better understand these are therefore focus statement. scientific goal pathogenesis so inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, awareness ways ultimately diminish its health economic consequences.

Язык: Английский

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