Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 205(4), С. 1373 - 1397

Опубликована: Март 30, 2017

The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic redundancy, functional simplicity, and ability to conduct large-scale screens, have been essential for understanding molecular nature circadian (∼24 hr) rhythms, continue be valuable in discovering novel regulators rhythms sleep. In this review, we discuss current these interrelated biological processes wider implications research. Clock genes period timeless were first discovered screens developed 1970s. Feedback on their own transcription forms core clock, accurately timed expression, localization, post-transcriptional modification, function is thought critical maintaining cycle. Regulators, several phosphatases kinases, act different steps feedback loop ensure strong rhythms. Approximately 150 neurons fly brain that contain components clock together translate intracellular cycling into rhythmic behavior. We how groups serve functions allowing clocks entrain environmental cues, driving behavioral outputs at times day, flexible responses conditions. neuropeptide PDF provides an important signal synchronize neurons, although details accomplishes are still being explored. Secreted signals from also influence other tissues. SLEEP is, part, regulated by which ensures appropriate timing sleep, but amount quality sleep determined mechanisms a homeostatic balance between wake. Flies useful identifying large set genes, molecules, neuroanatomic loci regulating amount. Conserved aspects regulation flies mammals include wake-promoting roles catecholamine neurotransmitters involvement hypothalamus-like regions, regions implicated less clear parallels. Sleep subject factors such as food availability, stress, social environment. beginning understand identified molecules interact with each other, environment, regulate researchers can take advantage increasing mechanistic behaviors, learning memory, courtship, aggression, loss impacts behaviors. thus remain tool both discovery deep

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in neuropeptide signaling in Drosophila, from genes to physiology and behavior

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 179, С. 101607 - 101607

Опубликована: Март 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Neuropeptides as Regulators of Behavior in Insects

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 62(1), С. 35 - 52

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2016

Neuropeptides are by far the largest and most diverse group of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms. They ancient important regulating a multitude processes. Their small proteinaceous character allowed them to evolve radiate quickly into numerous different molecules. On average, hundreds distinct neuropeptides present animals, sometimes with unique classes that do not occur distantly related species. Acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones, or growth factors, they extremely involved controlling growth, development, ecdysis, digestion, diuresis, many more physiological also crucial myriad behavioral actions associated feeding, courtship, sleep, learning memory, stress, addiction, social interactions. In general, behavior ensures an organism can survive its environment is defined any action change organism's relationship surroundings. Even though mode insects has been vigorously studied, relatively little known about only few model have investigated. Here, we provide overview roles play insect behavior. We conclude multiple need work concert coordinate certain behaviors. Additionally, studied date than single function.

Язык: Английский

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The Regulation of Drosophila Sleep

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 31(1), С. R38 - R49

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Язык: Английский

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RNA-seq analysis of Drosophila clock and non-clock neurons reveals neuron-specific cycling and novel candidate neuropeptides

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 13(2), С. e1006613 - e1006613

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2017

Locomotor activity rhythms are controlled by a network of ~150 circadian neurons within the adult Drosophila brain. They subdivided based on their anatomical locations and properties. We profiled transcripts "around clock" from three key groups with different functions. also non-circadian outgroup, dopaminergic (TH) neurons. have cycling but fewer than clock as well low expression poor gene transcripts. This suggests that TH do not canonical is driven brain systemic cues. The surprisingly diverse in overall patterns, which include known putative novel neuropeptides. Even phase distributions distinct, indicating regulatory principles govern transcript oscillations. surprising cell-type diversity parallels functional heterogeneity

Язык: Английский

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Circadian and feeding cues integrate to drive rhythms of physiology in Drosophila insulin-producing cells

Genes & Development, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 30(23), С. 2596 - 2606

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2016

Circadian clocks regulate much of behavior and physiology, but the mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly understood. While cyclic gene expression is thought to underlie metabolic rhythms, little known about cycles in cellular physiology. We found that Drosophila insulin-producing cells (IPCs), are located pars intercerebralis lack an autonomous circadian clock, functionally connected central clock circuit via DN1 neurons. Insulin mediates output regulating rhythmic a (sxe2) fat body. Patch clamp electrophysiology reveals IPCs display clock-regulated daily rhythms firing event frequency bursting proportion under light:dark conditions. The activity sxe2 additionally regulated feeding, as demonstrated night feeding-induced changes IPC characteristics levels These findings indicate circuit-level regulation metabolism support role for integrating control

Язык: Английский

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A Peptidergic Circuit Links the Circadian Clock to Locomotor Activity

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(13), С. 1915 - 1927.e5

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Substrates for Neuronal Cotransmission With Neuropeptides and Small Molecule Neurotransmitters in Drosophila

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 23, 2018

It has been known for more than 40 years that individual neurons can produce one neurotransmitter and neuropeptides often are colocalized with small molecule neurotransmitters (SMNs). Over the much progress made in understanding functional consequences of cotransmission nervous system mammals. There also some excellent invertebrate models have revealed roles coexpressed SMNs increasing complexity, flexibility dynamics neuronal signaling. However, fly Drosophila there surprisingly few studies on cotransmission, although is ample evidence colocalization neuroactive compounds CNS, based both traditional techniques novel single cell transcriptome analysis. With hope to trigger interest initiating studies, this review summarizes what about circuits where different colocalized. Coexistence substances recorded neuron types such as neuroendocrine cells, interneurons, sensory cells motor neurons. Some highlighted here well established analysis learning memory, circadian clock networks regulating rhythmic activity sleep, olfaction, nociception, feeding, metabolic homeostasis, diuretic functions, reproduction developmental processes. One emerging trait broad role short neuropeptide F presynaptic facilitation a number circuits. This discusses relevance coexisting peptides intestine. Based recent transcriptomics data, it likely systems discussed just fraction total set occurs Drosophila. Thus, systematic search further anatomically defined near future.

Язык: Английский

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A single pair of leucokinin neurons are modulated by feeding state and regulate sleep–metabolism interactions

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(2), С. e2006409 - e2006409

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2019

Dysregulation of sleep and feeding has widespread health consequences. Despite extensive epidemiological evidence for interactions between metabolic function, little is known about the neural or molecular basis underlying integration these processes. D. melanogaster potently suppress in response to starvation, powerful genetic tools allow mechanistic investigation sleep-metabolism interactions. We have previously identified neurons expressing neuropeptide leucokinin (Lk) as being required starvation-mediated changes sleep. Here, we demonstrate an essential role Lk regulation The activity modulated by feeding, with reduced glucose increased under starvation conditions. Both silencing laser-mediated microablation localize Lk-dependent a single pair within Lateral Horn (LHLK neurons). A targeted screen 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) starvation-modulated Knockdown AMPK suppresses increases LHLK neuron fed flies, phenocopying state. Further, find requirement receptor insulin-producing cells (IPCs), suggesting LHLK-IPC connectivity critical starved Taken together, findings feeding-state-dependent fruit fly brain provide system investigating cellular

Язык: Английский

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