Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2017
Over
the
past
decade
there
has
been
a
renaissance
in
our
understanding
of
spinal
cord
circuits;
new
technologies
are
beginning
to
provide
key
insights
into
descending
circuits
which
project
onto
central
pattern
generators.
By
integrating
work
from
both
locomotor
and
animal
behavioral
fields,
we
can
now
examine
context-specific
control
locomotion,
with
an
emphasis
on
modulation
arising
various
regions
brainstem.
Here
approach
avoidance
behaviors
that
lead
production
arrest
locomotion.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2017
Humans
evolved
within
a
microbial
ecosystem
resulting
in
an
interlinked
physiology.
The
gut
microbiota
can
signal
to
the
brain
via
immune
system,
vagus
nerve
or
other
host-microbe
interactions
facilitated
by
hormones,
regulation
of
tryptophan
metabolism
and
metabolites
such
as
short
chain
fatty
acids
(SCFA),
influence
development,
function
behaviour.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
may
play
role
shaping
cognitive
networks
encompassing
emotional
social
domains
neurodevelopmental
disorders.
Drawing
upon
preclinical
clinical
evidence,
we
review
potential
origins
development
related
Autism
spectrum
disorders
(ASD)
Schizophrenia.
Small
preliminary
studies
have
demonstrated
alterations
both
ASD
Schizophrenia
compared
healthy
controls.
However,
await
further
mechanistic
insights,
together
with
large
scale
longitudinal
trials,
encompass
systems
level
dimensional
approach,
investigate
whether
promising
pre-clinical
initial
findings
lead
relevance.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021
Abstract
Previous
research
has
stressed
the
importance
of
uncertainty
for
controlling
speed
learning,
and
how
such
control
depends
on
learner
inferring
noise
properties
environment,
especially
volatility:
change.
However,
learning
rates
are
jointly
determined
by
comparison
between
volatility
a
second
factor,
moment-to-moment
stochasticity.
Yet
much
previous
focused
simplified
cases
corresponding
to
estimation
either
factor
alone.
Here,
we
introduce
model,
in
which
both
factors
learned
simultaneously
from
experience,
use
model
simulate
human
animal
data
across
many
seemingly
disparate
neuroscientific
behavioral
phenomena.
By
considering
full
problem
joint
estimation,
highlight
set
previously
unappreciated
issues,
arising
mutual
interdependence
inference
about
This
complicates
enriches
interpretation
results,
as
pathological
individuals
with
anxiety
following
amygdala
damage.
Experimental Gerontology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
195, С. 112539 - 112539
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
are
a
class
of
neurological
disorders
marked
by
the
progressive
loss
neurons
that
afflict
millions
people
worldwide.
These
illnesses
affect
brain
connection,
impairing
memory,
cognition,
behavior,
sensory
perception,
and
motor
function.
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's,
Huntington's
examples
common
NDDs,
which
frequently
include
buildup
misfolded
proteins.
Cognitive-behavioral
impairments
early
markers
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
emphasizing
importance
detection
intervention.
Neurotrophins
such
as
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
critical
for
neuron
survival
synaptic
plasticity,
is
required
learning
memory.
NDDs
have
been
associated
with
decreased
BDNF
levels.
Physical
exercise,
non-pharmacological
intervention,
benefits
health
increasing
levels,
lowering
cognitive
deficits,
slowing
degradation.
Exercise
advantages
increased
well-being,
reduced
depression,
improved
skills,
neuroprotection
amyloid
accumulation,
oxidative
stress,
neuroinflammation.
This
study
examines
effects
physical
exercise
on
cognitive-behavioral
deficits
levels
in
limbic
system
impacted
neurodegeneration.
The
findings
highlight
necessity
including
into
NDD
treatment
to
improve
structure,
function,
total
As
research
advances,
becoming
increasingly
acknowledged
an
important
technique
treating
decline
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
112, С. 144 - 163
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2020
The
scientific
study
of
animal
affect
(emotion)
is
an
area
growing
interest.
Whilst
research
on
mechanism
and
causation
has
predominated,
the
function
less
advanced.
This
not
due
to
a
lack
hypotheses;
in
both
humans
animals,
affective
states
are
frequently
proposed
play
pivotal
role
coordinating
adaptive
responses
decisions.
However,
exactly
how
they
might
do
this
(what
processes
implement
function)
often
left
rather
vague.
Here
we
propose
framework
for
integrating
decision-making
that
couched
modern
decision
theory
employs
operational
definition
aligns
with
dimensional
concepts
core
renders
empirically
tractable.
We
develop
model
affect,
including
short-term
(emotion-like)
longer-term
(mood-like)
states,
influence
via
label
options,
predictions,
outcomes
which
correspond
similar
schema
links
between
human
emotion
decision-making.
Our
generalisable
across
species
generates
questions
future
research.
