Mechanochemical Feedback Loops in Development and Disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 178(1), С. 12 - 25

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Active matter

Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 2017(5), С. 054002 - 054002

Опубликована: Май 22, 2017

The study of systems with sustained energy uptake and dissipation at the scale constituent particles is an area central interest in nonequilibrium statistical physics. Identifying such as a distinct category—Active matter—unifies our understanding autonomous collective movement living world some surprising inanimate imitations. In this article I present active matter framework, briefly recall early work, review recent results on single-particle behaviour, including experiments granular monolayers, discuss new directions for future.

Язык: Английский

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Broken detailed balance and non-equilibrium dynamics in living systems: a review

Reports on Progress in Physics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 81(6), С. 066601 - 066601

Опубликована: Март 5, 2018

Living systems operate far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Enzymatic activity can induce broken detailed balance at the molecular scale. This scale breaking of is crucial to achieve biological functions such as high-fidelity transcription and translation, sensing, adaptation, biochemical patterning, force generation. While motor enzymes violate scale, it remains unclear how non-equilibrium dynamics manifests mesoscale in that are driven through collective many motors. Indeed, several cellular presence not always evident large scales. For example, cytoskeleton or chromosomes one observe stationary stochastic processes appear first glance thermally driven. raises question fluctuations be discerned thermal noise. We discuss approaches have recently been developed address this question, including methods based on measuring extent which system violates fluctuation-dissipation theorem. also review applications approach reconstituted cytoskeletal networks, cytoplasm living cells, cell membranes. Furthermore, we a more recent detect actively dynamics, inferring balance. constitutes non-invasive method uses time-lapse microscopy data, applied broad range cells tissue. ideas underlying its application examples flagella, primary cilia, networks. Finally, briefly developments thermodynamics statistical mechanics, offer new perspectives understand physics systems.

Язык: Английский

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Hydrodynamic theory of active matter

Reports on Progress in Physics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 81(7), С. 076601 - 076601

Опубликована: Март 15, 2018

We review the general hydrodynamic theory of active soft materials that is motivated in particular by biological matter. present basic concepts irreversible thermodynamics spatially extended multicomponent systems. Starting from rate entropy production, we identify conjugate thermodynamic fluxes and forces generic constitutive equations polar fluids gels. also discuss angular momentum conservation which plays a role physics chiral The gels provides framework to underlies wide variety processes cells multicellular tissues.

Язык: Английский

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Odd elasticity

Nature Physics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(4), С. 475 - 480

Опубликована: Март 2, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Spontaneous shear flow in confined cellular nematics

Nature Physics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 14(7), С. 728 - 732

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The matrix environmental and cell mechanical properties regulate cell migration and contribute to the invasive phenotype of cancer cells

Reports on Progress in Physics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 82(6), С. 064602 - 064602

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2019

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is single cell or cellular compartment such as the nucleus. A closer look inside cells reveals that there are functional compartments even domains determining overall properties mechanical phenotype. interaction these living leads to complex organization compartments, tissues and organs organisms including mammals. In contrast passive non-living materials, actively respond perturbations occurring in their microenvironment during diseases fibrosis cancer. transformation cancer highly aggressive hence malignant progression encompasses basement membrane crossing, invasion connective tissue, stroma microenvironments transbarrier migration, which all require immediate invasive with surrounding extracellular matrix environment normal embedded neighboring cells. All steps metastatic pathway seem involve interactions between microenvironment.

Язык: Английский

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Active Turbulence

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1), С. 143 - 170

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2021

Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal self-propelled colloids, and cell tissues. Despite occurring the absence of inertia, chaotic active are reminiscent inertial turbulence, hence they known as turbulence. Here, we survey field, providing a unified perspective over different classes To this end, divide our review sections for systems either polar or nematic order, without momentum conservation (wet/dry). Comparing to highlight emergence power-law scaling universal non-universal exponents. We also contrast scenarios transition from steady flows, discuss energy cascades. link feature both existence intrinsic length scales self-organized nature injection fundamental differences close by outlining emerging picture, remaining challenges, future directions.

Язык: Английский

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Collective cell migration: a physics perspective

Reports on Progress in Physics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 80(7), С. 076601 - 076601

Опубликована: Март 10, 2017

Cells have traditionally been viewed either as independently moving entities or somewhat static parts of tissues. However, it is now clear that in many cases, multiple cells coordinate their motions and move collective entities. Well-studied examples comprise development events, well physiological pathological situations. Different ex vivo model systems also investigated. Several recent advances taken place at the interface between biology physics, benefitted from progress imaging microscopy, use microfabrication techniques, introduction quantitative tools models. We review these interesting developments cell provide rich out-of-equilibrium motion.

Язык: Английский

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From Stochastic Thermodynamics to Thermodynamic Inference

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(1), С. 171 - 192

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2018

For a large class of nonequilibrium systems, thermodynamic notions like work, heat, and, in particular, entropy production can be identified on the level fluctuating dynamical trajectories. Within stochastic thermodynamics various fluctuation theorems relating these quantities have been proven. Their application to experimental systems requires that all relevant mesostates are accessible. Recent advances address typical situation only partial, or coarse-grained, information about system is available. Thermodynamic inference as general strategy uses consistency constraints derived from infer otherwise hidden properties systems. An important this respect active particles, for which we resolve conflicting strategies proposed identify production. As paradigm inference, uncertainty relation provides lower bound through measurements dispersion any current system. Likewise, it quantifies cost precision biomolecular processes. Generalizations and ramifications allow of, inter alia, model-free upper bounds efficiency molecular motors minimal number intermediate states enzymatic networks.

Язык: Английский

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