The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(8), С. 460 - 475

Опубликована: Март 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 99(3), С. 715 - 752

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Язык: Английский

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Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2018

Octocorals are one of the most ubiquitous benthic organisms in marine ecosystems from shallow tropics to Antarctic deep sea, providing habitat for numerous as well ecosystem services humans. In contrast holobionts reef-building scleractinian corals, octocorals have received relatively little attention, despite devastating effects disease outbreaks on many populations. Recent advances shown that possess remarkably stable bacterial communities geographical and temporal scales under environmental stress. This may be result their high capacity regulate microbiome through production antimicrobial quorum-sensing interfering compounds. Despite decades research relating octocoral-microbe interactions, a synthesis this expanding field has not been conducted date. We therefore provide an urgently needed review our current knowledge about octocoral holobionts. Specifically, we briefly introduce ecological role concept holobiont before detailed overviews (I) symbiosis between algal symbiont Symbiodinium; (II) main fungal, viral, taxa associated with octocorals; (III) dominance microbial assemblages by few species, stability these associations, evolutionary history host organism; (IV) diseases; (V) how use immune system fight pathogens; (VI) regulation its microbes; (VII) discovery natural products regulatory activities. Finally, present perspectives should move forward, recognition suitable model study coral-microbe symbioses.

Язык: Английский

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Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria interactions: rethinking metabolite exchange in reef‐building corals as multi‐partner metabolic networks

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(5), С. 1675 - 1687

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2020

Summary The intimate relationship between scleractinian corals and their associated microorganisms is fundamental to healthy coral reef ecosystems. Coral‐associated microbes (Symbiodiniaceae other protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi viruses) support health resilience through metabolite transfer, inter‐partner signalling, genetic exchange. However, much of our understanding the holobiont has come from studies that have investigated either coral‐Symbiodiniaceae or coral‐bacteria interactions in isolation, while relatively little research focused on ecological metabolic potentially occurring within multi‐partner symbiotic network. Recent evidences coupling phytoplankton bacteria demonstrated obligate resource exchange partners fundamentally drives success. Here, we posit similar associations with bacterial consortia regulate Symbiodiniaceae productivity are turn central corals. Indeed, propose this bacteria‐Symbiodiniaceae‐coral underpins holobiont's nutrition, stress tolerance influences future survival ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. Resolving Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria therefore a logical next step towards complex holobiont.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering Coral Disease Dynamics: Integrating Host, Microbiome, and the Changing Environment

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2020

Diseases of tropical reef organisms is an intensive area study, but despite significant advances in methodology and the global knowledge base, identifying proximate causes disease outbreaks remains difficult. The dynamics infectious wildlife diseases are known to be influenced by shifting interactions among host, pathogen, other members microbiome, a collective body work clearly demonstrates that this also case for main foundation species on reefs, corals. Yet, wildlife, coral stand out as being driven largely changing environment. These contributed not only losses whole ecosystem regime shifts. Here we suggest better decipher corals, must integrate more holistic modern paradigms consider multiple variable three major players epizootics: its associated In perspective, discuss how expanding pathogen component classic host-pathogen-environment triad incorporate shifts microbiome leading dysbiosis provides model understanding dynamics. We outline issues arising when evaluating each trio make suggestions bridging gaps between them. further best tackle these challenges, researchers adjust standard paradigms, like one pathogen-one model, that, date, have been ineffectual at uncovering many emergent properties Lastly, recommendations ways forward fields marine ecology future conservation restoration given observations.

Язык: Английский

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Multiple stressor effects on coral reef ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(12), С. 4131 - 4146

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2019

Global climate change has profound implications on species distributions and ecosystem functioning. In the coastal zone, ecological responses may be driven by various biogeochemical physical environmental factors. Synergistic interactions can occur when combined effects of stressors exceed their individual effects. The Red Sea, characterized strong gradients in temperature, salinity, nutrients along latitudinal axis provides a unique opportunity to study over range these variables. Using multiple linear regression models integrating situ, satellite oceanographic data, we investigated response coral reef taxa local recent variability. Taxa functional groups responded combination (temperature, air-sea heat fluxes, irradiance, wind speed), fishing pressure (chlorophyll - phosphate, nitrate, nitrite) model for each showed interactive climate, nutrient nature (antagonistic or synergistic) was dependent stressor pair. Variables consistently associated with highest number synergistic included flux terms, speed followed pressure. Hard corals coralline algae abundance were sensitive changing conditions where decreased percentage cover. These suggest that negative eutrophication exacerbate impact corals. A high also recorded algae, however this group, increased algal abundance. This is applying analysis variables simultaneously understand field. observed have important understanding impacts marine ecosystems whether managing stressors, such as enrichment activities, help mitigate global drivers change.

Язык: Английский

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Marine Viruses: Key Players in Marine Ecosystems

Viruses, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 9(10), С. 302 - 302

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2017

Viruses were recognized as the causative agents of fish diseases, such infectious pancreatic necrosis and Oregon sockeye disease, in early 1960s [1], have since been shown to be responsible for diseases all marine life from bacteria protists, mollusks, crustaceans, mammals [2].[...]

Язык: Английский

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Upside-Down but Headed in the Right Direction: Review of the Highly Versatile Cassiopea xamachana System

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 6

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2018

The upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) has been predominantly studied to understand its interaction with the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae Symbiodinium. As an easily culturable and tractable cnidarian model, it is attractive alternative stony corals understanding mechanisms driving establishment maintenance of symbiosis. also unique in requiring symbiont order complete transition adult stage, thereby providing excellent model symbiosis-driven development evolution. Recently, research system gained interest beyond symbiosis fields related embryology, climate ecology, behavior, more. With these developments, resources including genomes, transcriptomes, laboratory protocols are steadily increasing. This review provides overview broad range interdisciplinary that utilized highlights advantages using for future research. We dedicate this manuscript Robert Trench, who inspired many us begin working

Язык: Английский

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Defining Coral Bleaching as a Microbial Dysbiosis within the Coral Holobiont

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(11), С. 1682 - 1682

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2020

Coral microbiomes are critical to holobiont health and functioning, but the stability of host–microbial interactions is fragile, easily shifting from eubiosis dysbiosis. The heat-induced breakdown symbiosis between host its dinoflagellate algae (that is, “bleaching”), one most devastating outcomes for reef ecosystems. Yet, bleaching tolerance has been observed in some coral species. This review provides an overview holobiont’s diversity, explores thermal relation their associated microorganisms, discusses hypothesis adaptive dysbiosis as a mechanism environmental adaptation, mentions potential solutions mitigate bleaching, suggests new research avenues. More specifically, we define succession three stages, where microbiota can (i) maintain essential functions homeostasis during stress and/or (ii) act buffer by favoring recruitment thermally tolerant Symbiodiniaceae species (adaptive dysbiosis), (iii) stressors exceed buffering capacity both microbial partners leading death.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of nitrogen pollution on corals in the context of global climate change and potential strategies to conserve coral reefs

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 774, С. 145017 - 145017

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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