The Sponge Hologenome

mBio, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2016

A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science; molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to many aspects a host's phenotype and evolution. In process, an era "holobiont" research emerged investigate intricate network interactions between host its symbiotic microbial consortia. Marine sponges early-diverging metazoa known for hosting dense, specific, often highly diverse communities. Here we synthesize current thoughts about environmental evolutionary forces that influence diversity, specificity, distribution symbionts within sponge holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute holobiont function, describe mechanisms underpin establishment maintenance these partnerships. The collective genomes form hologenome, highlight define sponge's in fact act on genomic interplay different components holobiont.

Язык: Английский

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Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2018

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which initiated by recognition pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated (DAMPs) pattern receptors (PRRs). Among all PRRs identified, Toll-like (TLRs) are most ancient class, with extensive spectrum pathogen recognition. Since discovery Toll in Drosophila melanogaster, numerous TLRs have been identified across a wide range invertebrate vertebrate species. It seems that TLRs, signaling pathways they initiate, or related adaptor proteins essentially conserved variety organisms, from Porifera to mammals. Molecular structure analysis indicates TLR homologs share similar domain some vital participants co-evolved themselves. However, functional specification emergence new pathways, as well adaptors, did occur during evolution. In addition, ambiguities gaps knowledge still exist regarding network, especially lower organisms. Hence, systematic review comparative angle this tremendous scenario evolutionary Animalia needed. current review, we present overview possible non-mammals, hoping will provide clues for further investigations field.

Язык: Английский

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Host-specificity among abundant and rare taxa in the sponge microbiome

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 8(6), С. 1198 - 1209

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2014

Язык: Английский

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Diversity, abundance and natural products of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes

Natural Product Reports, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 31(3), С. 381 - 399

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2014

Actinomycetes are known for their unprecedented ability to produce novel lead compounds of clinical and pharmaceutical importance. This review focuses on the diversity, abundance methodological approaches targeting marine sponge-associated actinomycetes. Additionally, qPCR data actinomycete abundances in different sponge species other environmental sources presented. The natural products literature is covered, we here reporting chemical structures, biological activities, as well source organisms from which they were isolated.

Язык: Английский

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Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation?

Zoology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 127, С. 1 - 19

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2018

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting uni- or multicellular host community associated microorganisms. Research on host–microbe interactions has become emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates invertebrates complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute development disease states. However, molecular cellular mechanisms controlling within poorly understood many key between organisms remain unknown. this perspective article, we outline some issues in interspecies particular address question how metaorganisms react adapt inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, hydrothermal vents.

Язык: Английский

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The HMA-LMA Dichotomy Revisited: an Electron Microscopical Survey of 56 Sponge Species

Biological Bulletin, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 227(1), С. 78 - 88

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2014

The dichotomy between high microbial abundance (HMA) and low (LMA) sponges has been long recognized. In the present study, 56 sponge species from three geographic regions (greater Caribbean, Mediterranean, Red Sea) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy for presence of microorganisms in mesohyl matrix. Additionally, bacterial enumeration DAPI-counting was performed on a subset samples. Of investigated, 28 identified as belonging to HMA LMA category. orders Agelasida Verongida consisted exclusively species, Poecilosclerida composed only sponges. Other taxa contained both types associations (e.g., marine Haplosclerida, Homoscleromorpha, Dictyoceratida), clear phylogenetic pattern could not be identified. For few an intermediate load determined, data did suffice reliably determine or status. To experimentally status we therefore recommend combination 16S rRNA gene sequence data. This study significantly expands previous reports abundances tissues contributes better understanding HMA-LMA sponge-microbe symbioses.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the core microbiota in complex communities: A systematic investigation

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 19(4), С. 1450 - 1462

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2017

Summary The study of complex microbial communities poses unique conceptual and analytical challenges, with species potentially numbering in the thousands. With transient or allochthonous microorganisms often adding to this complexity, a ‘core’ microbiota approach, focusing only on stable permanent members community, is becoming increasingly popular. Given various ways defining core microbiota, it prudent examine whether definition impacts upon results obtained. Here we used marine sponge microbiotas undertook systematic evaluation degree which different factors define influenced conclusions. Significant differences alpha‐ beta‐diversity were detected using some but not all definitions. However, findings related host specificity environmental quality largely insensitive major changes definition. Furthermore, none applied definitions altered our perception ecological networks summarising interactions among bacteria within sponges. These suggest that, while care should still be taken interpretation, approach surprisingly robust, at least for comparing closely samples.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative analysis of amplicon and metagenomic sequencing methods reveals key features in the evolution of animal metaorganisms

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2019

Abstract Background The interplay between hosts and their associated microbiome is now recognized as a fundamental basis of the ecology, evolution, development both players. These interdependencies inspired new view multicellular organisms “metaorganisms.” goal Collaborative Research Center “Origin Function Metaorganisms” to understand why how microbial communities form long-term associations with from diverse taxonomic groups, ranging sponges humans in addition plants. Methods In order optimize choice analysis procedures, which may differ according host organism question at hand, we systematically compared two main technical approaches for profiling communities, 16S rRNA gene amplicon metagenomic shotgun sequencing across our panel ten taxa. This includes commonly used regions amplification thus totaling five different profiles per sample. Conclusion While gene-based analyses are subject much skepticism, demonstrate that many aspects bacterial community characterization consistent methods. resulting insight facilitates selection appropriate methods wide range Overall, recommend single- over multi-step although exceptions trade-offs exist, V3 V4 V1 V2 region gene. Finally, by contrasting functional performing phylogenetic analysis, provide important novel into broad evolutionary patterns among metaorganisms, whereby transition animals an aquatic terrestrial habitat marks major event evolution host-associated composition.

Язык: Английский

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Predicting the HMA-LMA Status in Marine Sponges by Machine Learning

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8

Опубликована: Май 8, 2017

The dichotomy between high microbial abundance (HMA) and low (LMA) sponges has been observed in sponge-microbe symbiosis, although the extent of this pattern remains poorly unknown. We characterized differences microbiomes HMA (n = 19) LMA 17) (575 specimens) present Sponge Microbiome Project. were associated with richer more diverse than sponges, as indicated by comparison alpha diversity metrics. Microbial community structures differed considering Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) abundances across taxonomic levels, from phylum to species. largest proportion microbiome variation was explained host identity. Several phyla, classes, OTUs found differentially abundant either group, which considered "HMA indicators" "LMA indicators." Machine learning algorithms (classifiers) trained predict HMA-LMA status sponges. Among nine different classifiers, higher performances achieved Random Forest class abundances. optimized parameters predicted additional 135 sponge species (1,232 without a priori knowledge. These grouped four clusters, two composed consistently 44) 74). In summary, our analyses shown distinct features communities prediction based on profiles demonstrates application machine explore patterns host-associated communities.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary Origins of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 35(7), С. 1576 - 1587

Опубликована: Март 24, 2018

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane pattern recognition that best known for their roles in innate immunity the detection of and defense against microbial pathogens. However, TLRs also have many nonimmune processes, most notably development. direct both immune developmental programs by activation downstream signaling pathways, often NF-κB pathway. There two primary TLR subtypes: 1) with multiple cysteine clusters ectodomain (mccTLRs) 2) a single cluster (sccTLRs). For some time, it has been biological processes they control conserved organisms from insects to mammals. genome transcriptome sequencing revealed basal metazoans components. In this review, we discuss what is about structure, function, pathways found phyla Porifera through Annelida. From these analyses, hypothesize mccTLRs emerged phylum Cnidaria, sccTLRs evolved Mollusca, dual functions as ancient cnidarians.

Язык: Английский

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