Synaptic
dysfunction
in
CNS
disorders
is
the
outcome
of
perturbations
physiological
synapse
structure
and
function,
can
be
either
cause
or
consequence
specific
pathologies.
Accumulating
data
field
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
autism
spectrum
schizophrenia
bipolar
disorder,
point
to
a
neurodevelopmental
origin
these
Due
relatively
early
onset
behavioural
cognitive
symptoms,
it
generally
acknowledged
that
mental
illness
initiates
at
level.
On
other
hand,
synaptic
has
been
considered
as
an
endpoint
incident
neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's
Huntington's,
mainly
due
considerably
later
clinical
symptoms
progressive
appearance
deficits.
This
dichotomy
recently
challenged,
particularly
since
discovery
cell
reprogramming
technologies
generation
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
from
patient
somatic
cells.
The
creation
‘disease-in-a-dish’
models
for
multiple
pathologies
revealed
unexpected
commonalities
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
operating
both
developmental
degenerative
conditions,
most
which
meet
In
this
review
we
discuss
prototype
emphasizing
overlapping
features
synaptopathy
have
suggested
by
studies
using
stem-cell-based
systems.
These
valuable
disease
highlighted
potential
component
classical
diseases
worth
pursuing
investigating
further.
Moving
demonstration
correlation
understanding
mechanistic
causality
forms
basis
developing
novel
therapeutics.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
25(1), С. 148 - 167
Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2019
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
a
devastating
neurodegenerative
disorder
with
no
cure.
Countless
promising
therapeutics
have
shown
efficacy
in
rodent
models
yet
failed
to
benefit
human
patients.
While
hope
remains
that
earlier
intervention
existing
will
improve
outcomes,
it
becoming
increasingly
clear
new
approaches
understand
and
combat
the
pathophysiology
of
are
needed.
Human
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
technologies
changed
face
preclinical
research
iPSC-derived
types
being
utilized
study
an
array
conditions,
including
disease.
All
major
brain
can
now
be
differentiated
from
iPSCs,
while
complex
co-culture
systems
developed
facilitate
neuroscience
research.
Many
cellular
functions
perturbed
recapitulated
using
cells
vitro,
platforms
beginning
yield
insights
into
interactions
occur
between
during
neurodegeneration.
Further,
iPSC-based
genome
editing
tools
critical
understanding
roles
numerous
genes
mutations
found
modify
risk
past
decade.
still
their
relative
infancy,
these
developing
hold
considerable
promise
push
forward
efforts
other
disorders.
Cell stem cell,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
26(1), С. 48 - 63.e6
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020
Glioblastoma
is
a
devastating
form
of
brain
cancer.
To
identify
aspects
tumor
heterogeneity
that
may
illuminate
drivers
invasion,
we
created
glioblastoma
cell
atlas
with
single-cell
transcriptomics
cancer
cells
mapped
onto
reference
framework
the
developing
and
adult
human
brain.
We
find
multiple
GSC
subtypes
exist
within
single
tumor.
Within
these
GSCs,
an
invasive
population
similar
to
outer
radial
glia
(oRG),
fetal
type
expands
stem
niche
in
normal
cortex.
Using
live
time-lapse
imaging
primary
resected
tumors,
discover
tumor-derived
oRG-like
undergo
characteristic
mitotic
somal
translocation
behavior
previously
only
observed
development,
suggesting
reactivation
developmental
programs.
In
addition,
show
PTPRZ1
mediates
both
invasion.
These
data
suggest
presence
heterogeneous
GSCs
underlie
glioblastoma's
rapid
progression
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
120(19), С. 10547 - 10607
Опубликована: Май 14, 2020
Bioprinting
techniques
have
been
flourishing
in
the
field
of
biofabrication
with
pronounced
and
exponential
developments
past
years.
Novel
biomaterial
inks
used
for
formation
bioinks
developed,
allowing
manufacturing
vitro
models
implants
tested
preclinically
a
certain
degree
success.
Furthermore,
incredible
advances
cell
biology,
namely,
pluripotent
stem
cells,
also
contributed
to
latest
milestones
where
more
relevant
tissues
or
organ-like
constructs
functionality
can
already
be
obtained.
These
strides
possible
multitude
multidisciplinary
teams
around
world,
working
make
bioprinted
organs
functional.
Yet,
there
is
still
long
way
go
until
these
biofabricated
will
able
reach
clinics.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
main
bioprinting
activities
linking
them
tissue
organ
development
physiology.
Most
approaches
focus
on
mimicking
fully
matured
tissues.
Future
strategies
might
pursue
earlier
developmental
stages
organs.
The
continuous
convergence
experts
fields
material
sciences,
engineering,
many
other
disciplines
gradually
allow
us
overcome
barriers
identified
demanding
path
toward
adoption
replacements.
