Complications of obesity

QJM, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 111(7), С. 437 - 443

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2017

Global obesity rates have increased exponentially in recent decades. People are becoming obese younger, morbid is increasing and the full health implications only beginning to be seen. This article discusses latest epidemiological data on adults children, systemically reviews complications associated with condition.

Язык: Английский

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Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(7), С. 2632 - 2632

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2020

Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities renal have been development kidney diseases, particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role blood liver metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive alters cellular homeostasis activates lipogenic glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity quality are involved damage to lipotoxicity activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-death. The pathological effects observed cells, promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, formation macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines recent preclinical clinical research about potentially harmful kidney, metabolic markers these mechanisms, major pathways affected, causes excessive accumulation, types involved, well offers comprehensive update therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.

Язык: Английский

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Reducing major risk factors for chronic kidney disease

Kidney International Supplements, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(2), С. 71 - 87

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2017

Язык: Английский

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High-fat diet promotes renal injury by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction

Cell Death and Disease, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2020

Abstract Obesity has been recognized as a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated whereby long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces renal injury in mice. The C57BL/6 mice fed HFD 16 weeks developed obesity, diabetes, and dysfunction manifested by albuminuria blood accumulation of BUN creatinine. HFD-fed showed marked glomerular tubular injuries, including prominent defects filtration barrier increased cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, markedly triglyceride cholesterol contents activated lipogenic pathways synthesis. also oxidative stress induced mitochondrial fission cells, thereby activating pro-apoptotic pathway. In HK-2 mesangial cultures, high glucose, fatty acid, TNF-α combination was able to activate pathways, increase stress, promote fission, pathway, all which could be attenuated an inhibitor that depleted reactive oxygen species. Taken together, these observations suggest causes at least part result tissue lipid accumulation, dysfunction, excess programmed death.

Язык: Английский

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Kidney disease and obesity: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 13(3), С. 181 - 190

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2017

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Jornal de Pediatria, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 96(5), С. 546 - 558

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children adolescents, its health consequences. Studies published between 2000 2020 PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane databases. Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity severe cases adolescents; social isolation may lead increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels proinflammatory cytokines, low intake essential nutrients are compromise functioning organs systems individuals. These associated with damage immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary systems, along modification intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity need for ventilatory assistance, risk thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, innate adaptive immune response, perpetuation chronic inflammatory response. The can have effect causing or worsening comorbidities, pediatricians be aware this issue. Facing suspected confirmed COVID-19, professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on care times isolation; 3) screen ensuring treatment not interrupted; 4) measure immunonutrients; 5) guide family understanding specifics situation; 6) refer units qualified adolescents when necessary. Identificar fatores que contribuem para o aumento da suscetibilidade e gravidade em crianças adolescentes obesos suas consequências saúde. Estudos publicados entre nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO Cochrane. A obesidade é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente casos graves isolamento pode levar ao do acúmulo gordura. Tecido adiposo excessivo, déficit massa magra, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia, hipertensão, altos níveis citocinas pró-inflamatórias baixa ingestão nutrientes essenciais são comprometem funcionamento dos órgãos sistemas no indivíduo obeso. Esses estão associados danos nos imunológico, respiratório urinário, juntamente com modificação (disbiose). Na infecção por SARS-CoV-2, essas alterações orgânicas causadas pela podem aumentar necessidade assistência ventilatória, risco tromboembolismo, taxa filtração reduzida, na resposta imune inata adaptativa perpetuação inflamatória crônica. ter efeito causar ou agravar comorbidades pediatras precisam estar cientes desse problema. Diante suspeita confirmação os profissionais saúde devem diagnosticar excesso peso; aconselhar sobre cuidados tempos isolamento; fazer triagem comorbidades, garantindo tratamento não seja interrompido; medir imunonutrientes; orientar família respeitando as especificidades situação; encaminhamento unidades qualificadas cuidar obesos, quando necessário.

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Mitochondria Damage and Kidney Disease

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер unknown, С. 529 - 551

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Consequences of Glomerular Hyperfiltration: The Role of Physical Forces in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes and Obesity

˜The œNephron journals/Nephron journals, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 143(1), С. 38 - 42

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Glomerular hyperfiltration (GH) is a hallmark of renal dysfunction in diabetes and obesity. Recent clinical trials demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors are renoprotective, possibly by abating hyperfiltration. The present review considers the current evidence for cause-to-effect relationship between hyperfiltration-related physical forces development chronic kidney disease (CKD). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> associated with glomerular tubular hypertrophy. Hyperfiltration mainly due to an increase capillary pressure, which increases tensile stress applied wall structures. In addition, increased ultrafiltrate flow into Bowman’s space heightens shear on podocyte foot processes body surface. These mechanical stresses lead basement membrane (GBM) length ability grow being limited, mismatch develops GBM area covered processes, leading injury, detachment viable podocytes, adherence capillaries parietal epithelium, synechia formation segmental sclerosis. Mechanical also post-filtration structures, resulting dilation urinary spaces, proximal sodium reabsorption hypertrophied epithelial cells activation mediators tubulointerstitial inflammation, hypoxia fibrosis <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> GH-related leads both adaptive maladaptive changes. flow-related effects play central role pathogenesis disease. Attenuation thus important therapeutic target obesity-induced CKD.

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable Development Goals relevant to kidney health: an update on progress

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1), С. 15 - 32

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Impact of different ectopic fat depots on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 234(12), С. 21630 - 21641

Опубликована: Май 20, 2019

A growing body of evidence is pointing out the pathophysiological role fat accumulation in different organs. Ectopic depots within heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas as well around blood vessels might be more associated to cardiometabolic risk than classical variables, such mass index. Among mechanisms, lipid metabolism appears particularly influenced by ectopic depots. Indeed, intracellular nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial uncoupling, oxidative altered membrane composition/function, finally promoting inflammatory response cell death. The dysfunctional adipose tissue was shown induce both local systemic effects, with relevant clinical consequences. Epicardial myocardial steatosis have been development atrial fibrillation ventricular dysfunction. Similarly perivascular trigger atherosclerosis hypertension. Nonalcoholic liver disease has recognized hepatic manifestation metabolic syndrome a cardiovascular (CV) factor. Importantly, renal sinus emerged potential player kidney Finally, muscle pancreatic indicated endocrine modulators insulin resistance. Considering global rise prevalence obesity, understanding mechanisms underlying represents an urgent need, implications for CV stratification. Here, we attempt update current knowledge depots, focusing on implications.

Язык: Английский

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