Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(2), С. 158 - 158
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2024
Astrocytes
displaying
reactive
phenotypes
are
characterized
by
their
ability
to
remodel
morphologically,
molecularly,
and
functionally
in
response
pathological
stimuli.
This
process
results
the
loss
of
typical
astrocyte
functions
acquisition
neurotoxic
or
neuroprotective
roles.
A
growing
body
research
indicates
that
these
astrocytes
play
a
pivotal
role
pathogenesis
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS),
involving
calcium
homeostasis
imbalance,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
abnormal
lipid
lactate
metabolism,
glutamate
excitotoxicity,
etc.
review
summarizes
characteristics
astrocytes,
ALS,
recent
advancements
astrocyte-targeting
strategies.
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
168(5), С. 910 - 954
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2024
Although
we
have
learned
much
about
how
the
brain
fuels
its
functions
over
last
decades,
there
remains
still
to
discover
in
an
organ
that
is
so
complex.
This
article
lays
out
major
gaps
our
knowledge
of
interrelationships
between
metabolism
and
function,
including
biochemical,
cellular,
subcellular
aspects
functional
imaging
adult
brain,
as
well
during
development,
aging,
disease.
The
focus
on
unknowns
substrates
associated
transporters,
roles
insulin
lipid
droplets,
emerging
role
microglia,
mysteries
cofactor
signaling
molecule
NAD
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(26)
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024
Abstract
Brain
disorders
represent
a
significant
challenge
in
medical
science
due
to
the
formidable
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB),
which
severely
limits
penetration
of
conventional
therapeutics,
hindering
effective
treatment
strategies.
This
review
delves
into
innovative
realm
biomimetic
nanodelivery
systems,
including
stem
cell‐derived
nanoghosts,
tumor
cell
membrane‐coated
nanoparticles,
and
erythrocyte
membrane‐based
carriers,
highlighting
their
potential
circumvent
BBB's
restrictions.
By
mimicking
native
properties,
these
nanocarriers
emerge
as
promising
solution
for
enhancing
drug
delivery
brain,
offering
strategic
advantage
overcoming
barrier's
selective
permeability.
The
unique
benefits
leveraging
membranes
from
various
sources
is
evaluated
advanced
technologies
fabricating
membrane‐encapsulated
nanoparticles
capable
masquerading
endogenous
cells
are
examined.
enables
targeted
broad
spectrum
therapeutic
agents,
ranging
small
molecule
drugs
proteins,
thereby
providing
an
approach
neurocare.
Further,
contrasts
capabilities
limitations
with
traditional
methods,
underlining
enable
targeted,
sustained,
minimally
invasive
modalities.
concluded
perspective
on
clinical
translation
underscoring
transformative
impact
landscape
intractable
brain
diseases.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(4), С. 395 - 395
Опубликована: Март 26, 2024
Central
neurological
disorders
are
significant
contributors
to
morbidity,
mortality,
and
long-term
disability
globally
in
modern
society.
These
encompass
neurodegenerative
diseases,
ischemic
brain
traumatic
injury,
epilepsy,
depression,
more.
The
involved
pathogenesis
is
notably
intricate
diverse.
Ferroptosis
neuroinflammation
play
pivotal
roles
elucidating
the
causes
of
cognitive
impairment
stemming
from
these
diseases.
Given
concurrent
occurrence
ferroptosis
due
metabolic
shifts
such
as
iron
ROS,
well
their
critical
central
nervous
disorders,
investigation
into
co-regulatory
mechanism
has
emerged
a
prominent
area
research.
This
paper
delves
mechanisms
along
with
interrelationship.
It
specifically
emphasizes
core
molecules
within
shared
pathways
governing
neuroinflammation,
including
SIRT1,
Nrf2,
NF-κB,
Cox-2,
iNOS/NO·,
how
different
immune
cells
structures
contribute
dysfunction
through
mechanisms.
Researchers’
findings
suggest
that
mutually
promote
each
other
may
represent
key
factors
progression
disorders.
A
deeper
comprehension
common
pathway
between
cellular
holds
promise
for
improving
symptoms
prognosis
related
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2024
Abstract
Pain
is
estimated
to
affect
more
than
20%
of
the
global
population,
imposing
incalculable
health
and
economic
burdens.
Effective
pain
management
crucial
for
individuals
suffering
from
pain.
However,
current
methods
assessment
treatment
fall
short
clinical
needs.
Benefiting
advances
in
neuroscience
biotechnology,
neuronal
circuits
molecular
mechanisms
critically
involved
modulation
have
been
elucidated.
These
research
achievements
incited
progress
identifying
new
diagnostic
therapeutic
targets.
In
this
review,
we
first
introduce
fundamental
knowledge
about
pain,
setting
stage
subsequent
contents.
The
review
next
delves
into
underlying
disorders,
including
gene
mutation,
epigenetic
modification,
posttranslational
inflammasome,
signaling
pathways
microbiota.
To
better
present
a
comprehensive
view
research,
two
prominent
issues,
sexual
dimorphism
comorbidities,
are
discussed
detail
based
on
findings.
status
quo
evaluation
manipulation
summarized.
A
series
improved
innovative
strategies,
such
as
therapy,
monoclonal
antibody,
brain-computer
interface
microbial
intervention,
making
strides
towards
application.
We
highlight
existing
limitations
future
directions
enhancing
quality
preclinical
research.
Efforts
decipher
complexities
pathology
will
be
instrumental
translating
scientific
discoveries
practice,
thereby
improving
bench
bedside.
Nature Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
27(8), С. 1505 - 1521
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2024
Central
nervous
system
(CNS)
lesions
become
surrounded
by
neuroprotective
borders
of
newly
proliferated
reactive
astrocytes;
however,
fundamental
features
these
cells
are
poorly
understood.
Here
we
show
that
following
spinal
cord
injury
or
stroke,
90%
and
10%
border-forming
astrocytes
derive,
respectively,
from
proliferating
local
oligodendrocyte
progenitor
in
adult
mice
both
sexes.
Temporal
transcriptome
analysis,
single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
immunohistochemistry
after
focal
CNS
injury,
mature
dedifferentiate,
proliferate
transcriptionally
reprogrammed
to
permanently
altered
new
states,
with
persisting
downregulation
molecules
associated
astrocyte-neuron
interactions
upregulation
wound
healing,
microbial
defense
stromal
immune
cells.
These
repair
share
morphologic
transcriptional
perimeningeal
limitans
the
predominant
source
re-establish
integrity
around
separating
neural
parenchyma
as
occurs
throughout
healthy
CNS.
Ageing & Longevity,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
1.2025, С. 6 - 21
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
Neuroglia
of
the
central
nervous
system,
represented
by
astroglia,
oligodendroglia
and
microglia,
are
fundamental
for
life-long
support
homeostasis,
plasticity
defence
neural
tissue.
In
particular
neuroglial
cells
contribute
to
cognitive
reserve,
which
defines
neurological
outcome
both
physiological
pathological
ageing.
Physiological
ageing
is
accompanied
with
structural
functional
decline
neuroglia.
particular,
astrocytes
undergo
morphological
atrophy
asthenia
compromises
their
vital
functions
such
as
glutamate
clearance,
K+
buffering
synaptic
support.
Old
oligodendrocytes
lose
myelination
capacity,
results
in
thinning
myelin
sheath
white
matter.
Finally,
associated
accumulation
dystrophic
microglia
limits
neuroprotection.
Age-dependent
impedes
contributes
impairment,
increases
vulnerability
system
neurodegeneration.
Life
style
changes
positively
impact
on
structure
function
this
improving
longevity.
Keywords:
ageing;
longevity;
neuroglia,
oligodendroglia;
oligodendroglial
precursor
cells;
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(3), С. 289 - 289
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
Today,
neurodegenerative
disorders
like
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
frontotemporal
dementia
(FTD)
and
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide,
as
the
average
human
lifespan
increases,
similarly
grows
number
patients.
For
many
decades,
cognitive
motoric
decline
has
been
explained
by
very
apparent
deterioration
neurons
in
various
regions
brain
spinal
cord.
However,
more
recent
studies
show
that
progression
is
greatly
influenced
vast
population
glial
cells.
Astrocytes
are
traditionally
considered
star-shaped
cells
on
which
rely
heavily
for
their
optimal
homeostasis
survival.
Increasing
amounts
evidence
depict
how
astrocytes
lose
supportive
functions
while
simultaneously
gaining
toxic
properties
during
neurodegeneration.
Many
these
changes
similar
across
diseases,
this
review,
we
highlight
commonalities.
We
discuss
astrocyte
dysfunction
drives
neuronal
demise
a
wide
range
but
rather
than
categorizing
based
disease,
aim
to
provide
an
overview
currently
known
mechanisms.
As
such,
review
delivers
different
perspective
causes
neurodegeneration
hope
encourage
further
cross-disease
into
shared
mechanisms,
might
ultimately
disclose
potentially
common
therapeutic
entry
points
panel
diseases.
