The emerging challenge of FLiRT variants: KP.1.1 and KP.2 in the global pandemic landscape

QJM, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 117(7), С. 485 - 487

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has undergone substantial evolution, leading to emergence of new FLiRT variants characterized by specific spike mutations-F L at position 456 and R T 346-enhancing their transmissibility immune evasion capabilities. Particularly, KP.2 shows a significant increase in cases the USA, indicating potential shift pandemic landscape due its greater ability evade vaccine-induced immunity higher effective reproduction number compared JN.1. This evolving scenario underscores need for continuous monitoring adaptive response strategies address challenges posed these variants. abstract examines KP1.1, descendants Omicron JN.1 variant, as they draw global attention amidst ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December with staggering economic fallout and human suffering. The unique structure of SARS-CoV-2 its underlying pathogenic mechanism were responsible for the global pandemic. In addition to direct damage virus, triggers an abnormal immune response leading a cytokine storm, culminating distress other fatal diseases that pose significant challenge clinicians. Therefore, potential treatments should focus not only on eliminating virus but also alleviating or controlling immune/inflammatory responses. Current management strategies COVID-19 include preventative measures supportive care, while role host progression has largely been overlooked. Understanding interaction between receptors, as well pathogenesis, proven be helpful prevention, early recognition progression, vaccine development, interventions aimed at reducing immunopathology have shown reduce adverse clinical outcomes improve prognosis. Moreover, several key mutations genome sequence result enhanced binding affinity cell receptor, produce escape, either increased transmissibility virulence variants carry these mutations. This review characterizes structural features SARS-CoV-2, variants, their system, emphasizing dysfunctional responses storm progression. Additionally, therapeutic options are reviewed, providing critical insights into management, exploring effective approaches deal public health crises SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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A Paper-Based Multiplexed Serological Test to Monitor Immunity against SARS-COV-2 Using Machine Learning

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(26), С. 16819 - 16831

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic and accelerated vaccine development to prevent virus control disease. Given sustained high infectivity evolution SARS-CoV-2, there is an ongoing interest in developing serology tests monitor population-level immunity. To address this critical need, we designed a paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay (xVFA) using five structural proteins detecting IgG IgM antibodies changes immunity levels. Our platform not only tracked longitudinal levels but also categorized into three groups: protected, unprotected, infected, based on antibodies. We operated two xVFAs parallel detect total 40 μL human serum sample <20 min per test. After assay, images sensor panel were captured mobile phone-based custom-designed optical reader then processed by neural network-based serodiagnostic algorithm. algorithm was trained with 120 measurements/tests 30 samples from 7 randomly selected individuals blindly tested 31 8 different individuals, collected before vaccination as well after or infection, achieving accuracy 89.5%. competitive performance xVFA, along its portability, cost-effectiveness, operation, makes it promising computational point-of-care (POC) test for monitoring immunity, aiding timely decisions administration booster vaccines general public health policies protect vulnerable populations.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicle microRNA: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Respiratory Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(17), С. 9147 - 9147

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024

Respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer, and coronavirus pneumonia, present a major global health challenge. Current diagnostic therapeutic options for these diseases are limited, necessitating the urgent development of novel biomarkers strategies. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) within extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention due to their crucial role in intercellular communication progression. EVs membrane-bound structures released by cells into environment, encapsulating variety biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids, proteins. Specifically, miRNAs EVs, known EV-miRNAs, facilitate regulating gene expression. The expression levels can reflect distinct states significantly influence immune cell function, airway inflammation, remodeling, proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, other pathological processes. Consequently, EV-miRNAs profound impact on onset, progression, responses respiratory with great potential management. Synthesizing current understanding COPD, this review aims explore targets examine prospects diagnosis treatment diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Nanodrugs play a crucial role in biomedical applications by enhancing drug delivery. To address safety and toxicity concerns associated with nanoparticles, lipid-nanocarrier-based delivery systems have emerged as promising approach for developing next-generation smart nanomedicines. Ginseng has traditionally been used various therapeutic purposes, including antiviral activity. This study aimed to prepare biocompatible therapeutically potent Korean ginseng nanoemulsion (KGS-NE) using seed oil (GSO), optimize its encapsulation efficiency, evaluate Various techniques were utilized confirm the KGS-NE formation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified gold nanoparticles highest Au peak at 2.1 keV. Selected area diffraction patterns revealed crystallographic structures. FT-IR spectrometry detected functional groups, peaks 2922.09 cm−1 (alkene C–H stretching), 1740.24 (aldehyde C=O 1098.07 (C–O stretching secondary alcohol). Storage stability studies showed that maintained size 6 months 4 °C. The exhibited dose-dependent suppression of HCoV-OC43 viral replication Vero E6 cells. RNA sequencing analysis unveiled differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically involved ABC transporters signaling pathway. oral administration facilitated recovery mice induced receptor binding domain (RBD) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, confirmed inflammatory markers expression lung tissue. In Syrian hamster infected SARS-CoV-2 model, lungs dissected enlarged morphology cytokines. effect was mitigated administration, observed through H&E qRT-PCR analysis. Biochemical concentrations demonstrated had no adverse effects on kidney liver. Our findings strongly suggest administering models potential effectively mitigate inflammation against coronavirus. indicates new strategy nano-agent SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Vital Biomarkers with Greater Precision in Emergency Departments During Emerging Pandemics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 722 - 722

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated advances in molecular biology and virology, enabling the identification of key biomarkers to differentiate between severe mild cases. Furthermore, use artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) analyze large datasets been crucial for rapidly identifying relevant disease prognosis, including COVID-19. This approach enhances diagnostics emergency settings, allowing more accurate efficient patient management. study demonstrates how algorithms departments can identify vital prognosis an emerging using as example by analyzing clinical, epidemiological, analytical, radiological data. All consecutively admitted patients were included, than 89 variables processed Random Forest (RF) algorithm. RF model achieved highest balanced accuracy at 92.61%. most predictive mortality included procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, system highlighted significance interstitial infiltrates chest X-rays D-dimer levels. Our results demonstrate that is critical diseases, accelerating data analysis, optimizing personalized treatment, emphasizing importance PCT LDH high-risk patients.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluation of the Content Validity of the COVID-19 Symptoms Daily Diary

Patient Related Outcome Measures, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 16, С. 37 - 53

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 Symptoms Daily Diary (CSDD) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the severity of core symptoms in clinical trials. preliminary version CSDD was developed based on regulatory guidance and hallmark identified by CDC. This study aimed evaluate content validity, determine whether it fit for purpose supporting efficacy endpoints trials treatments COVID-19. research also sought appropriateness newly Pre-COVID-19 Questionnaire. A targeted literature review completed relevance concepts included diary identify any important that may have been missing. Hybrid (concept elicitation cognitive debriefing) semistructured qualitative interviews were then conducted across 3 iterative rounds with 30 adults United States recently diagnosed most frequently reported interview participants, including those as bothersome treat. During debriefing, participants described salient instructions, recall period, response options clear appropriate. Only 2 15 items modified rounds; specifically, definitions vomiting diarrhea frequency clarified consistent interpretation response. Interview general ease understanding responding questionnaire, feedback resulting only minor changes reference period instructions. findings current provide strong evidence validity each assessed. rigorous evaluation (aligned guidance) indicates planned evaluating medications treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Mixed lipopeptide-based mucosal vaccine candidate induces cross-variant immunity and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters

ImmunoHorizons, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Abstract The global dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide pandemic in March 2020. Even after the official downgrading COVID-19 pandemic, infection with variants continues. rapid development and deployment vaccines helped mitigate great extent. However, current are suboptimal; they elicit incomplete short-lived protection ineffective against evolving virus variants. Updating spike antigen according prevailing variant repeated boosters is not long-term solution. We have designed lipopeptide-based, mucosal, pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate, derived from highly conserved and/or functional regions spike, nucleocapsid, membrane proteins. Our studies demonstrate that lipopeptides (LPMix) induced both cellular humoral (mucosal systemic) immune responses upon intranasal immunization mice. Furthermore, antibodies bound wild-type mutated S proteins concern, including Alpha, Beta, Delta Omicron, also efficient neutralization surrogate viral assay. sequence alignment 3-dimensional molecular modeling demonstrated spike-derived epitopes, P1 P2, sequentially structurally among addition novel mucosal adjuvant, heat-killed Caulobacter crescentus, lipopeptide significantly bolstered antibody responses. Finally, lipopeptide-based significant improvement lung pathologies hamster model infection. These fundamentally important open new avenues investigation an innovative, broadly protective platform for its

Язык: Английский

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A20 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for COVID‐19

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is a major concern due to its astonishing prevalence and high fatality rate, especially among elderly people. Patients suffering from COVID‐19 may exhibit immunosuppression in initial stage of infection, while cytokine storm can occur when progresses stage. This inopportune immune rhythm not only makes patients more susceptible virus but also leads numerous complications resulting excessive production inflammatory factors. A20, which widely accepted as pivotal regulator inflammation, has been shown be implicated processes antiviral responses immunosuppression. Thus, A20 participate regulating pathological COVID‐19. Methods narrative literature review summarizes recent evidence on mechanisms We downloaded single‐cell RNA‐seq data sets healthy individuals with varying severities NCBI GEO database further dissect A20's regulatory these intricate pathways that are closely associated SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Results might one most critical anti‐infectious anti‐inflammatory factors involved pathogenesis It effectively suppresses damage viral Conclusions Understanding relationship between A20‐regulated signaling provide insight into potential targets for intervention. Precise regulation induce activity an response could mediate become effective treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive preclinical characterization of IPB29, a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor under clinical trials

Antiviral Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106154 - 106154

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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