Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 233(4), С. 1620 - 1635

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2021

The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions morphology mycorrhizal symbioses. However, exudation, with significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% total photosynthetically fixed C) enhance resource acquisition, remains missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating exudation into the structure RES key holistic understanding soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight different functional roles exudates phosphorus (P) nitrogen (N) Thereafter, synthesize emerging evidence illustrates how interacts symbioses at level species individual plant contrasting patterns evolved P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, propose new conceptual framework, integrating three groups traits better capture complexity Such deeper integrated dynamic morphology, will provide valuable insights mechanisms underlying coexistence for sustainable managed systems.

Язык: Английский

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi conducting the hyphosphere bacterial orchestra

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(4), С. 402 - 411

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Plant Growth and Stress Adaptation: From Genes to Ecosystems

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 74(1), С. 569 - 607

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Plant roots associate with diverse microbes (including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses) collectively called the root-associated microbiome. Among them, mycorrhizal fungi colonize host improve their access to nutrients, usually phosphorus nitrogen. In exchange, plants deliver photosynthetic carbon colonizing fungi. This nutrient exchange affects key soil processes, cycle, plant health therefore has a strong influence on microbe ecosystems. The framework of regulation between arbuscular recently been established. local systemic symbiosis by status autoregulation mycorrhizae are strategies which maintain stabilizing free-market symbiosis. A better understanding synergistic effects mycorrhizosphere microorganisms is an essential precondition for use as biofertilizers bioprotectors sustainable agriculture forestry management.

Язык: Английский

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The Costs and Benefits of Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 73(1), С. 649 - 672

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2022

The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such nutrient availability, can drive along mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes plant growth fitness. However, AM benefit more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition growth. For example, promote biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from provision perspective. Other being obligate biotrophs, very little known about benefits gain plants. In review, we utilize molecular biology approaches to expand our understanding plant-AM fungal across disciplines.

Язык: Английский

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Hyphae move matter and microbes to mineral microsites: Integrating the hyphosphere into conceptual models of soil organic matter stabilization

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(8), С. 2527 - 2540

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022

Associations between soil minerals and microbially derived organic matter (often referred to as mineral-associated or MAOM) form a large pool of slowly cycling carbon (C). The rhizosphere, immediately adjacent roots, is thought control the spatial extent MAOM formation because it dominant entry point new C inputs soil. However, emphasis on rhizosphere implicitly assumes that microbial redistribution into bulk (non-rhizosphere) soils minimal. We question this assumption, arguing extensive fungal exploration rapid hyphal turnover, from common, encourages formation. First, we summarize published estimates length density turnover rates demonstrate are high throughout rhizosphere-bulk continuum. Second, colonization surfaces common dispersal mechanism for bacteria, argue allows non-random mineral by hyphae-associated taxa. Third, these bacterial communities their hosts determine chemical deposited colonized surfaces. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates omission hyphosphere conceptual models flow overlooks key mechanisms in soils. Moving forward, there clear need spatially explicit, quantitative research characterizing environmental drivers community composition across systems, important controls over rate chemistry minerals.

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the functioning of beneficial plant symbionts

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 6(8), С. 1145 - 1154

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of stress tolerance and their effects on the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 235(6), С. 2158 - 2175

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022

Summary Stress is ubiquitous and disrupts homeostasis, leading to damage, decreased fitness, even death. Like other organisms, mycorrhizal fungi evolved mechanisms for stress tolerance that allow them persist or thrive under environmental stress. Such can also protect their obligate plant partners, contributing health survival hostile conditions. Here we review the effects of response in fungi. We cover molecular cellular aspects how impacts individual physiology, growth, reproduction, interactions with along some tolerate address lead adaptation have cascading on population‐ community‐level diversity. argue fungal strongly shape not only but ecology evolution. conclude by pointing out knowledge gaps important future research directions required both fully understanding context addressing ongoing change.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the secrets of hyphosphere of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: processes and ecological functions

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 481(1-2), С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Soil phosphorus transformation and plant uptake driven by phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 27, 2024

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for plants, and a lack of available P greatly limits plant growth development. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) significantly enhance the ability plants to absorb utilize P, which improving turnover yield. This article summarizes analyzes how PSMs promote absorption utilization nutrients by from four perspectives: types functions PSMs, phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms, main functional genes, impact complex inoculation on acquisition. reviews physiological molecular mechanisms phosphorus solubilization promotion with focus analyzing soil microbial communities its interaction root exudates. In order better understand their role in transformation provide prospects research promoting absorption. mainly activate insoluble through secretion organic acids, phosphatase production, mycorrhizal symbiosis, symbiosis indirectly activates via carbon exchange. can secrete acids produce phosphatase, plays crucial cycling, related genes are involved regulating P-solubilization ability. uptake great significance deeper understanding PSM-mediated utilization, efficiency agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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The mycorrhizal symbiosis: research frontiers in genomics, ecology, and agricultural application

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 242(4), С. 1486 - 1506

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Summary Mycorrhizal symbioses between plants and fungi are vital for the soil structure, nutrient cycling, plant diversity, ecosystem sustainability. More than 250 000 species associated with mycorrhizal fungi. Recent advances in genomics related approaches have revolutionized our understanding of biology ecology associations. The genomes 250+ been released hundreds genes that play pivotal roles regulating symbiosis development metabolism characterized. rDNA metabarcoding metatranscriptomics provide novel insights into ecological cues driving communities functions expressed by these associations, linking to traits such as acquisition organic matter decomposition. Here, we review genomic studies revealed involved uptake development, discuss adaptations fundamental evolution lifestyles. We also evaluated services provided networks how hold promise sustainable agriculture forestry enhancing stress tolerance. Overall, unraveling intricate dynamics is paramount promoting sustainability addressing current pressing environmental concerns. This ends major frontiers further research.

Язык: Английский

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