Serotonin
(5-HT)
show
important
relations
to
stress,
and
this
relationship
is
crucial
understanding
the
psychobiology
of
common
mental
disorders.
Environmental
stressors
regulate
phasic
tonic
serotonin
levels,
which
are
related
valence
outcome
probabilities.
This
regulation
takes
place
at
smaller
timescales,
but
also
level
gene
expression
regulation.
Moreover,
genes
synthesis,
metabolism,
transport
5-HT
involved
in
Genetic
variations
these
modulate
how
can
lead
distress,
a
genotype-dependent
manner.
As
result,
between
psychosocial
stress
5-HTergic
bidirectional.
suggests
“circular
causality”
control
signals
(“upward
causality”),
while
configurations
functions
entire
organism
determine
up-
or
downregulated,
products
actually
relevant
each
situation
(“downward
causality”).
The
highly
role
social
factors
human
psychopathology
highlighted,
such
as
attachment
socioeconomic
status
circular
vertical
causality
genes,
neurotransmitters,
behavior
organized,
representing
horizontal
causality.
These
complex
interrelationships
suggest
that
more
refined
epistemologies
needed
fully
grasp
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
60(5), С. 4687 - 4706
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Notwithstanding
the
huge
progress
in
molecular
and
cellular
neuroscience,
our
ability
to
understand
brain
develop
effective
treatments
promoting
mental
health
is
still
limited.
This
can
be
partially
ascribed
reductionist,
deterministic
mechanistic
approaches
neuroscience
that
struggle
with
complexity
of
central
nervous
system.
Here,
I
introduce
Context
theory
constrained
systems
proposing
a
novel
role
contextual
factors
genetic,
neural
substrates
determining
functioning
behavior.
entails
key
conceptual
implications.
First,
context
main
driver
behavior
states.
Second,
substrates,
from
genes
areas,
have
no
direct
causal
link
complex
behavioral
responses
as
they
combined
multiple
ways
produce
same
response
different
impinge
on
substrates.
Third,
biological
play
distinct
roles
behavior:
drives
behavior,
constrain
repertoire
implemented.
Fourth,
since
interface
between
system
environment,
it
privileged
level
control
orchestration
functioning.
Such
implications
are
illustrated
through
Kitchen
metaphor
brain.
theoretical
framework
calls
for
revision
concepts
psychiatry,
including
causality,
specificity
individuality.
Moreover,
at
clinical
level,
proposes
inducing
changes
interventions
having
highest
impact
reorganize
human
mind
achieve
long‐lasting
improvement
health.
Translational Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Predicting
disease
trajectories
in
patients
with
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
can
allow
designing
personalized
therapeutic
strategies.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
show
that
measuring
patients'
plasticity
–
is
the
susceptibility
modify
mental
state
identifies
at
baseline
who
will
recover,
anticipating
time
transition
wellbeing.
We
conducted
a
secondary
analysis
two
randomized
clinical
trials,
STAR*D
and
CO-MED.
Symptom
severity
was
assessed
using
Quick
Inventory
of
Depressive
Symptomatology
while
context
measured
enrollment
Quality-of-Life
Enjoyment
Satisfaction
Questionnaire.
Patients
were
retrospectively
grouped
based
on
both
their
response
or
remission
levels
through
network-based
mathematical
approach
operationalizes
as
inverse
symptom
network
connectivity
strength.
The
results
anticipate
remission.
Connectivity
strength
among
symptoms
significantly
lower
thus
higher
experiencing
fast
recovery.
When
interplay
between
considered,
are
predictive
only
subjects
favorable
context,
confirming
magnifies
influence
mood.
conclusion,
assessment
holds
promise
for
predicting
MDD
trajectories,
potentially
informing
design
treatments
interventions.
combination
high
experience
emerges
critical
achieve
Genes Brain & Behavior,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Recent
theories
suggest
that
reduced
serotonin
transporter
(5‐HTT)
function,
which
increases
(5‐HT)
levels
at
the
synapse,
enhances
neural
plasticity
and
affects
sensitivity
to
environmental
cues.
This
may
promote
learning
about
emotionally
relevant
events.
However,
boundaries
define
such
emotional
remain
be
established.
was
investigated
using
5‐HTT
knockout
(5‐HTTKO)
mice
provide
a
model
of
long‐term
elevated
5‐HT
transmission
are
associated
with
increased
anxiety.
Compared
wild‐type
controls,
5‐HTTKO
were
faster
discriminate
between
an
auditory
cue
predicted
footshock
(CS+)
predicting
no
(CS−).
Notably,
this
enhanced
discrimination
performance
driven
not
by
CS+
footshock,
but
rather
CS−
signals
absence
thus
provides
temporary
relief
from
fear/anxiety.
Similarly,
also
reduce
their
fear
during
subsequent
extinction.
These
findings
consistent
facilitated
inhibitory
predicts
potential
threats
in
mice.
exhibited
generalisation
ambiguous
aversive
cues
novel
context,
different
training
context.
Thus,
can
exhibit
both
more
less
compared
controls.
Taken
together,
our
results
support
idea
loss
corresponding
synaptic
availability,
facilitate
priming
memories.
facilitates
for
memories
fear.
Gastrointestinal
infections
represent
a
significant
global
health
burden,
ranking
as
the
second
leading
cause
of
mortality
among
infants
and
children.
Identifying
pathogens
causing
neonatal
gastrointestinal
has
presented
tough
challenges.
This
study
aimed
to
summarize
prevalence
common
associated
with
through
comprehensive
systematic
review
meta-analysis
published
literature.
The
last
search
was
performed
on
January
08,
2025,
from
databases
including
EMBASE,
PubMed,
Cochrane
Libary,
Web
Science.
outcome
variable
infection
rate,
detection
methods
used
were
blood
culture,
tissue
or
molecular
biology
methods.
Two
researchers
independently
extracted
research
data
evaluated
its
quality
using
JBI
Critical
Appraisal
Tools.
Twenty-three
studies
met
inclusion
criteria.
pooled
rates
follows:
Bacteria,
Escherichia
(22.2%;
95%
CI
8.3−40.4%,
I2
=
98%),
Clostridium
(21.8%;
2.2−53.8%,
96%),
Klebsiella
(19.2%;
8.3−33.4%,
97%),
Staphylococcus
(13.6%;
6.0–23.7%,
91%),
Enterococcus
(12.4%;
1.8–30.3%,
Streptococcus
(6.8%;
2.5–12.9%,
43%).
Fungi,
Candida
(3.8%;
0.6–9.6%,
84%).
Viruses,
Rotavirus
(11.6%;
1.0–31.5%,
94%)
Adenovirus
(4.1%;
0.5–11.0%,
58%).
Peritoneal
culture
demonstrated
significantly
higher
positivity
compared
other
coli
exhibited
consistently
high
across
three
main
showed
highest
bacterial
isolates
in
both
peritoneal
cultures.
Pathogen
necrotizing
enterocolitis
(NEC)
cases
markedly
conditions.
identifies
key
infections,
pneumoniae,
coli,
Candida,
Rotavirus,
Adenovirus,
others
that
are
suspected
before
clinical
sample
results
available.
It
also
highlights
intestinal
pathogen
linked
an
increased
risk
emphasizes
advantages
detecting
these
infections.
Neuroscience Applied,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
3, С. 103923 - 103923
Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023
Immune
alterations
have
been
widely
implicated
in
the
onset,
progression,
and
treatment
of
major
depressive
disorder.
However,
our
comprehension
intricate
link
between
immune
function
psychopathology
remains
fragmented
limited.
Here
we
propose
that
interplay
neural
plasticity
is
key
transition
from
to
mental
wellbeing.
In
particular,
any
deviation
toward
an
extreme
activation
or
suppression
leads
a
dysregulation
molecular
machinery
underlying
plasticity.
Therefore,
pro–inflammatory
conditions
depressed
patients
are
associated
with
impaired
plasticity,
limiting
potential
recover.
Patient's
confinement
within
their
pathological
state
here
referred
as
inflammatory
trap
depression.
The
normalization
reinstates
thereby
restoring
capacity
attain
Since
growing
evidence
showing
reinstating
does
not
lead
improvement
per
se
but
increases
likelihood
recovery,
combining
activity
environmental
promoting
wellbeing
critical
achieve
beneficial
outcome.
This
theoretical
framework
allows
reconcile
conceptual
discrepancies
immunopsychiatry
such
egg
chicken
nor
sufficient
necessary
issues.
Overall,
tuning
system
promote
promising
approach
refine
develop
innovative
therapeutic
strategies
for
depression,
leading
personalized
highly
effective
treatments.
Clinical Epigenetics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Май 27, 2024
Abstract
Background
Methylation
of
serotonin-related
genes
has
been
proposed
as
a
plausible
gene-by-environment
link
which
may
mediate
environmental
stress,
depressive
and
anxiety
symptoms.
DNA
methylation
is
often
measured
in
blood
cells,
but
little
known
about
the
association
between
this
peripheral
epigenetic
modification
brain
serotonergic
architecture.
Here,
we
evaluated
whole-blood-derived
four
CpG
sites
serotonin
transporter
(
SLC6A4
)
six
tryptophan
hydroxylase
2
TPH2
gene
in-vivo
levels
(5-HTT)
4
receptor
(5-HT
cohort
healthy
individuals
N
=
254)
and,
for
5-HT
4,
unmedicated
patients
with
depression
90).
To
do
so,
quantified
/
using
bisulfite
pyrosequencing
estimated
5-HTT
positron
emission
tomography.
In
addition,
explored
measures
early
life
recent
symptoms
on
297
individuals.
Results
We
found
no
statistically
significant
markers
neurotransmission
or
although
CpG2
(chr17:30,236,083)
was
marginally
associated
parental
bonding
inventory
overprotection
score
cohort,
statistical
significance
did
not
remain
after
accounting
cell
heterogeneity.
Conclusions
suggest
that
findings
context
features
should
be
interpreted
caution.
More
studies
are
needed
to
rule
out
role
biomarkers
Neuroscience Applied,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3, С. 104052 - 104052
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
complex
dyadic
interaction
of
stress
and
resilience
has
received
growing
attention
as
a
promising
avenue
for
informing
new
diagnostic
prognostic
models
human
health.
In
this
review,
we
present
selection
some
the
most
relevant
data
on
translational
biomarkers
in
field
mental
Several
critical
aspects
concerning
preclinical
clinical
model
development
are
addressed.
distance
between
disease
widened
with
time
across
all
fields
medicine,
psychiatry
presenting
additional
hurdles
represented
by
inherent
heterogeneity
studied
phenotypes.
Capitalizing
technological
advances
developing
consolidating
sound
theories
stress-resilience
represents
avenue,
possibly
endowed
greater
ecological
validity
compared
to
sole
socio-psychological
assessment.
Instrumental
advancing
will
be
an
increased
level
integration
researchers'
efforts
biomarkers,
aiming
elucidate
better
interindividual
impact
exposure
individuals'
health
behavior.
