Cellular Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 407, С. 104898 - 104898
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2024
Язык: Английский
Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized as a clonal proliferation of mature B lymphocytes with distinct immunophenotypic traits, predominantly affecting the middle-aged and elderly population. This condition marked by an accumulation within peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes. The associated immune dysregulation predisposes CLL patients to higher risk secondary malignancies infections, which significantly contribute morbidity mortality rates. advent immunotherapy has revolutionized prognosis CLL, advancing treatment modalities offering substantial benefits patient outcomes. review endeavors synthesize scrutinize efficacy, merits, limitations current immunotherapeutic strategies for CLL. aim inform selection optimal regimens tailored individual needs. Furthermore, juxtaposes various therapeutic combinations elucidate comparative advantages each approach, ultimate objective enhancing quality life.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025
Currently, CAR-T cell therapy is known as an efficacious treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. Nonetheless, this method faces several bottlenecks, including low efficacy solid tumors, lethal adverse effects, high cost of autologous products, and the risk GvHD in allogeneic settings. As a potential alternative, CAR-NK can overcome most limitations provide off-the-shelf, safer, more affordable product. Although published results from preclinical clinical studies cells are promising, bottlenecks must be unlocked to maximize effectiveness therapy. These include vivo persistence, trafficking into tumor sites, modest sensitivity immunosuppressive microenvironment. In recent years, advances gene manipulation tools strategies have laid groundwork current This review will introduce existing discuss their advantages disadvantages. We also explore how these enhance therapy’s safety efficacy.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Hepatology International, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Exploration of Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5
Опубликована: Март 4, 2025
In hematological malignancies, autologous immunotherapy with T lymphocytes expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) has been successfully applied. CAR enhances the immuno-cellular effector system directly against cells target antigens. The objective here was to discuss prospects of applying CAR-T and its variants in autoimmune diseases (AIDs) deplete pathogenic autoantibodies by eliminating B plasma cells. play crucial role pathogenesis AID through production autoantibodies, cytokine dysregulation, presentation, regulatory dysfunction. numerous autoreactive clones various autoantigens, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, myositis, sclerosis, targeting CD19/CD20 B-cell maturation (BCMA) have shown success preclinical clinical studies, representing an innovative option for refractory patients when standard treatments fail. suppression reactive specific antigens using cytolytic carrying autoantibody (CAAR-T) offers promising approach managing AIDs, especially those characterized pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, anti-NMDAR encephalitis. CAAR-T allows elimination without compromising general functionality immune system, minimizing common side effects immunosuppressive therapies, including immunobiologicals CAR-T. vitro, preclinical, (phase 1) studies demonstrated efficacy specificity several AIDs; however, extensive trials 3) are required assess their safety applicability. These advances promise enhance precision medicine management offering personalized individual patients.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 857 - 857
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025
Background/Objectives: Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance by exerting cytotoxic activity and modulating immune responses. However, tumors employ diverse evasion strategies that limit NK cell effectiveness. This review aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of activation inhibition cancer, influence microenvironment, latest advancements cell-based immunotherapies, including adoptive transfer Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Natural Killer (CAR-NK) therapies. Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted, prioritizing peer-reviewed studies from last decade on biology, evasion, immunotherapeutic applications. The analysis includes data preclinical models clinical trials evaluating expansion strategies, cytokine-based stimulation, CAR-NK therapy developments. Results: eliminate through granule release, death receptor pathways, cytokine secretion. evade NK-mediated immunity downregulating activating ligands, secreting immunosuppressive molecules, altering microenvironment. Novel therapies, such as combination approaches with checkpoint inhibitors, enhance persistence therapeutic efficacy against both hematologic solid malignancies. Clinical suggest improved safety profiles compared CAR-T reduced release syndrome graft-versus-host disease. Conclusions: While immunotherapies hold great promise, challenges remain, limited tumor-induced immunosuppression. Addressing these hurdles will be critical for optimizing therapies advancing next-generation, off-the-shelf immunotherapeutics broader
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025
Over the past few years, cellular immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for certain hematologic cancers, with various CAR-T therapies now widely used in clinical settings. However, challenges related to production of autologous cell products and management toxicity highlight need new therapy options that are universal, safe, effective. Natural killer (NK) cells, which part innate immune system, offer unique advantages, including potential off-the-shelf therapy. A recent first-in-human trial CD19-CAR-NK infusion patients relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies demonstrated safety activity. Building on these positive outcomes, current research focuses enhancing CAR-NK potency by increasing their vivo persistence addressing functional exhaustion. There is also growing interest applying successes seen solid tumors. This review discusses trends emerging concepts engineering next-generation CAR- NK therapies. It will cover process constructing targets manufacturing, role Additionally, it examine mechanisms action status tumors, along limitations, future challenges. The insights provided may guide investigations aimed at optimizing broader range malignancies.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 118197 - 118197
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024
After experiencing many ups and downs, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has reached a milestone as an anti-cancer method, evidenced by the increasing number of clinical trials approved products. Nonetheless, there is real need to optimize CAR-T overcome its existing limitations. The importance cellular starting material for generating cells undeniable, current personalized manufacturing approach main roadblock providing fast, affordable, standard treatment patients. Thus, developing off-the-shelf product leading focus in adoptive therapy. Several biotech companies worldwide are focused on from allogeneic sources. Induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) have unique characteristics, making them highly attractive among various IPSCs can be modified with CAR, undergo other intended gene manipulations, then differentiated into functional hematopoietic lineages activity. Moreover, iPSCs provide unlimited source, simplifying setting protocol homogenous population resulting reducing batch-to-batch inconsistency. In this review, we delve iPSC-derived (iCAR-T) discuss path challenges their translation. We also introduce some alternatives conventional iCAR-αβ-T cells, including iCAR-T limited TCR diversity, iCAR-NK, iCAR-macrophages, iCAR-neutrophils relative advantages disadvantages well differentiation compliance cGMP. Finally, reviewed CAR-engineered being evaluated trials.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 1035 - 1035
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in natural killer (NK) cells for cancer therapy is gaining momentum, marking a significant shift treatment. This review aims to explore the potential CAR-NK cell immunotherapy, providing fresh perspective. It discusses innovative approaches design and engineering, particularly targeting refractory or recurrent cancers. By comparing with traditional therapies, highlights their unique ability tackle tumor heterogeneity immune system suppression. Additionally, it explains how novel cytokines receptors can enhance efficacy, specificity, functionality. underscores advantages cells, including reduced toxicity, lower cost, broader accessibility compared CAR-T along treating both blood cancers solid tumors.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(2), С. 51 - 73
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024
Cancer immunotherapy uses the body’s immune system to combat cancer, marking a significant advancement in treatment. This review traces its evolution from late 19th century current status. It began with William Coley’s pioneering work using bacterial toxins stimulate against cancer cells, establishing foundational concept of immunotherapy. In mid-20th century, cytokine therapies like interferons and interleukins emerged, demonstrating that altering response could reduce tumors highlighting complex interplay between system. The discovery checkpoints, regulatory pathways prevent autoimmunity but are exploited by cells evade detection, was pivotal development. Another major breakthrough is CAR-T cell therapy, which involves modifying patient’s T target cancer-specific antigens. personalized treatment has shown remarkable success certain blood cancers. Additionally, vaccines aim trigger responses tumor-specific or associated antigens, while challenging, ongoing research improving their efficacy. historical progression immunotherapy, modern innovations checkpoint inhibitors underscores transformative impact on As delves deeper into system’s complexities, poised become even more crucial oncology, offering renewed hope patients globally.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
2