Unveiling the Complexities of Pediatric Asthma Treatment: Evidence, Controversies, and Emerging Approaches
Pediatric Drugs,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 22, 2025
Pediatric
asthma
remains
a
prevalent
and
challenging
chronic
condition
globally,
affecting
quality
of
life
imposing
significant
burdens
on
families
healthcare
systems.
Despite
advancements
in
understanding
pathophysiology
treatment,
key
controversies
persist
optimizing
management
strategies.
Inhaled
corticosteroids
(ICS)
are
the
cornerstone
reducing
inflammation
preventing
exacerbations.
While
concerns
about
growth
suppression
exist,
evidence
suggests
that
this
effect
is
primarily
associated
with
high
doses
prolonged
use,
rather
than
standard
maintenance
therapy.
Nonetheless,
adherence
to
ICS
suboptimal,
necessitating
strategies
ensure
effective
sustained
treatment.
The
introduction
reliever
therapy
(MART)
ICS–formoterol
has
offered
improved
outcomes
by
simplifying
regimens
reliance
short-acting
beta-agonists
(SABA).
However,
supporting
MART
ICS-SABA
younger
children
limited,
highlighting
gaps
pediatric-focused
research.
Biologics
targeting
inflammatory
pathways,
such
as
omalizumab,
mepolizumab,
dupilumab,
represent
personalized
approach
for
severe
but
face
challenges
including
costs,
limited
long-term
safety
data,
uncertainty
regarding
their
ability
modify
disease
progression.
In
addition,
complexity
treatment
decisions
compounded
insufficient
biomarkers
age-specific
guide
Addressing
these
requires
robust
clinical
studies
tailored
pediatric
populations.
This
review
critically
examines
current
pharmacological
strategies,
unresolved
issues,
evolving
approaches
management,
emphasizing
need
evidence-based
care.
Enhancing
necessitates
balancing
therapeutic
benefits
minimal
adverse
effects
leveraging
ongoing
research
inform
future
practice.
Язык: Английский
Genetic and Epigenetic Interconnections Between Atopic Dermatitis, Allergic Rhinitis, and Rhinitis with Nasal Polyps
Allergies,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
5(2), С. 9 - 9
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Background:
Atopic
dermatitis
(AD),
allergic
rhinitis
(AR),
and
chronic
rhinosinusitis
with
nasal
polyps
(CRSwNP)
represent
interconnected
conditions
within
the
spectrum
of
type
2
inflammatory
diseases.
While
these
share
common
genetic
epigenetic
pathways,
precise
molecular
mechanisms
remain
underexplored.
Methods:
This
review
integrates
latest
insights
on
factors
linking
AD,
AR,
CRSwNP,
focusing
genome-wide
association
studies,
DNA
methylation
patterns,
histone
modifications,
microRNA
regulation.
Results:
In
all
three
conditions,
including
(Me)
acetylation
(Ac)
methylation,
regulate
barrier-related
genes,
influencing
disease
severity.
Notably,
miRNAs
such
as
miR-146a
miR-155
play
pivotal
roles
in
modulating
inflammation
across
diseases,
while
disease-specific
contribute
to
airway
remodeling
(miR-125b
miR-21
AR
CRSwNP).
Emerging
evidence
underscores
role
microbiome-driven
inflammasome
activation
matrix
metalloproteinases
(MMP-2,
MMP-9,
MMP-12)
perpetuating
remodeling.
Conclusions:
The
interplay
between
predispositions,
exposomal
systemic
nature
inflammation.
A
deeper
understanding
could
lead
transformative,
personalized
diagnostic
therapeutic
advancements.
Язык: Английский
IgE‐Mediated Activation of Mast Cells and Basophils in Health and Disease
Immunological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
331(1)
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Type
2-mediated
immune
responses
protect
the
body
against
environmental
threats
at
barrier
surfaces,
such
as
large
parasites
and
toxins,
facilitate
repair
of
inflammatory
tissue
damage.
However,
maladaptive
to
typically
nonpathogenic
substances,
commonly
known
allergens,
can
lead
development
allergic
diseases.
2
immunity
involves
a
series
prototype
TH2
cytokines
(IL-4,
IL-5,
IL-13)
alarmins
(IL-33,
TSLP)
that
promote
generation
adaptive
CD4+
helper
cells
humoral
products
allergen-specific
IgE.
Mast
basophils
are
integral
players
in
this
network,
serving
primary
effectors
IgE-mediated
responses.
These
bind
IgE
via
high-affinity
receptors
(FcεRI)
expressed
on
their
surface
and,
upon
activation
by
release
variety
mediators
regulate
responses,
attract
modulate
other
cells,
contribute
repair.
Here,
we
review
biology
effector
mechanisms
these
focusing
primarily
role
mediating
both
physiological
pathological
contexts.
Язык: Английский
A tri-compound formula comprising ginsenoside Rg1, tetrandrine and icariin alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms in a mouse model
Phytomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 156737 - 156737
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Leveraging an mRNA Platform for the Development of Vaccines Against Egg Allergy
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(5), С. 448 - 448
Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025
Background:
Food
allergy
(FA)
poses
a
major
global
health
issue
due
to
the
increasing
prevalence
and
lack
of
effective
prevention
strategies.
Allergen-specific
immunotherapy
(AIT)
has
emerged
as
disease-modifying
therapy
for
FA.
However,
long-term
treatment
duration
unexpected
adverse
reactions,
only
minority
patients
benefit
from
AIT.
Therefore,
prophylactic
interventions
are
urgently
needed
FA
patients.
Methods:
In
this
proof-of-concept
study,
using
well-established
mRNA
platform,
we
developed
vaccine
candidates
encoding
egg
white
allergen
Gal
d2
comprehensively
evaluated
their
efficacy
against
anaphylaxis
in
d2-induced
allergic
mouse
model.
Results:
Two
formulations,
d2-IL-10
vaccine,
both
demonstrated
potent
ability
inducing
allergen-specific
IgG
Th1-type
T
cells.
Importantly,
two
formulations
showed
promise
preventing
onset
disease,
which
is
indicated
by
body
temperature
decline
during
anaphylaxis.
Conclusions:
We
provided
preliminary
evidence
showing
that
platform
unique
holds
development
anti-allergy
vaccines.
This
largely
attributed
capacities
vaccines
eliciting
an
allergen-blocking
antibody,
shifting
Th2
towards
Th1
immunity,
well
generating
peripheral
tolerance.
further
investigations
required
better
understand
mode
action.
Язык: Английский
Interplay Between COVID- 19 and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Clinical Insights
Current Treatment Options in Allergy,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2025
Язык: Английский
The changing epidemiology of paediatric childhood asthma and allergy in different regions of the world
Frontiers in Allergy,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025
Allergic
disorders
encompass
a
variety
of
conditions
including
asthma,
atopic
dermatitis,
food
allergy,
allergic
rhinitis,
and
eosinophilic
esophagitis.
These
are
connected
via
an
abnormal
host
immune
response
to
the
environment.
A
series
longitudinal
cross-sectional
studies
conducted
over
past
3
decades
have
reported
on
epidemiological
trends
that
contribute
towards
development
pediatric
asthma
disease.
Infant
birth
cohort
assessing
microbiome
offered
clues
as
underlying
biological
mechanisms
basis
for
Why
this
is
occurring
research
reasons
chapter.
Our
understanding
biology
system
has
increased
exponentially
with
advances
in
genomic
testing,
providing
further
opportunity
targeted
treatments
more
importantly,
primary
prevention
Язык: Английский