Conceptualizing soil organic matter into particulate and mineral‐associated forms to address global change in the 21st century

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 261 - 273

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2019

Managing soil organic matter (SOM) stocks to address global change challenges requires well-substantiated knowledge of SOM behavior that can be clearly communicated between scientists, management practitioners, and policy makers. However, is incredibly complex separation into multiple components with contrasting in order study predict its dynamics. Numerous diverse schemes are currently used, making cross-study comparisons difficult hindering broad-scale generalizations. Here, we recommend separating particulate (POM) mineral-associated (MAOM) forms, two fundamentally different terms their formation, persistence, functioning. We provide evidence highly physical chemical properties, mean residence times soil, responses land use change, plant litter inputs, warming, CO2 enrichment, N fertilization. Conceptualizing POM versus MAOM a feasible, well-supported, useful framework will allow scientists move beyond studies bulk SOM, but also consistent scheme across studies. Ultimately, propose the as best way forward understand dynamics context necessary recommendations managers

Язык: Английский

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Microbial carbon limitation: The need for integrating microorganisms into our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(4), С. 1953 - 1961

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2019

Numerous studies have demonstrated that fertilization with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increases plant productivity in both natural managed ecosystems, demonstrating primary is nutrient limited most terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, it has been heterotrophic microbial communities soil are primarily by organic carbon or energy. While this concept of contrasting limitations, is, limitation, based on strong evidence we review paper, often ignored discussions ecosystem response to global environment changes. The plant-centric perspective equated limitations those whole thereby ignoring the important role heterotrophs responsible for decomposition driving storage. To truly integrate cycles science, must account fact while may be limited, secondary inherently limited. Ecosystem cycling integrates independent physiological responses its individual components, well tightly coupled exchanges between autotrophs heterotrophs. extent interacting autotrophic processes controlled organisms versus accessibility, respectively, propose ecosystems definition cannot 'limited' alone. Here, outline how models aimed at predicting non-steady state over time can benefit from dissecting into organismal components their inherent better represent plant-microbe interactions models.

Язык: Английский

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Iron-mediated organic matter decomposition in humid soils can counteract protection

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Май 7, 2020

Soil organic matter (SOM) is correlated with reactive iron (Fe) in humid soils, but Fe also promotes SOM decomposition when oxygen (O2) becomes limited. Here we quantify Fe-mediated OM protection vs. by adding 13C dissolved (DOM) and 57FeII to soil slurries incubated under static or fluctuating O2. We find uniformly protects only oxic conditions, DOM are added together: de novo FeIII phases suppress mineralization 35 47%, respectively. Conversely, alone increases 8% following oxidation 57FeIII. Under O2 limitation, 57FeIII preferentially reduced, increasing anaerobic of 74% 32‒41%, Periodic limitation common so does not intrinsically protect OM; rather require their own physiochemical contribute persistence.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasting pathways of carbon sequestration in paddy and upland soils

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 27(11), С. 2478 - 2490

Опубликована: Март 13, 2021

Paddy soils make up the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth, and are characterized by a prominent potential for organic carbon (C) sequestration. By quantifying plant- microbial-derived C in across four climate zones, we identified that accrual is achieved via contrasting pathways paddy upland soils. Paddies 39%-127% more efficient soil (SOC) sequestration than their adjacent counterparts, with greater differences warmer cooler climates. Upland replenished C, whereas enriched proportion of plant-derived because retarded microbial decomposition under anaerobic conditions induced flooding paddies. Under both land-use types, maximal contribution plant residues to SOC at intermediate mean annual temperature (15-20°C), neutral (pH~7.3), low clay/sand ratio. contrast, high (~24°C), pH (~5), large ratio favorable strengthening necromass. The necromass waterlogged paddies climates likely due fast anabolism from bacteria, fungi unlikely be involved as they aerobic. In scenario conversion upland, total 504 Tg may lost CO

Язык: Английский

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Chemodiversity of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 54(10), С. 6174 - 6184

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a key role in many biogeochemical processes, but the drivers controlling diversity of chemical composition and properties DOM molecules (chemodiversity) soils are poorly understood. It has also been debated whether environmental conditions or intrinsic molecular control accumulation persistence due to complexity both interactions between surrounding environments. In this study, soil samples were extracted from 33 collected different regions China, we investigated effects climate on chemodiversity across employing combination Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, statistical analyses. Our results indicated that, despite heterogeneity complex influencing factors, aridity clay can account for majority variations composition. The finding implied that is an ecosystem property closely related environment, be used developing large-scale biogeochemistry models predicting C cycling soils.

Язык: Английский

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What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 14(8), С. 083004 - 083004

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2019

Abstract Most empirical and modeling research on soil carbon (C) dynamics has focused those processes that control promote C stabilization. However, we lack a strong, generalizable understanding of the mechanisms through which organic (SOC) is destabilized in soils. Yet clear destabilization needed to quantify feedbacks cycle Earth system. Destabilization includes occur along spectrum SOC shifts from ‘protected’ state an ‘available’ microbial cells where it can be mineralized gaseous forms or soluble are then lost These fall into three general categories: (1) release physical occlusion such as tillage, bioturbation, freeze-thaw wetting-drying cycles; (2) desorption solids colloids; (3) increased metabolism. Many stabilize also destabilize C, gain loss depends balance between competing reactions. For example, earthworms may both aggregate destruction, but create new aggregates redistribute mineral horizon. Similarly, mycorrhizae roots form old priming promoting mining; labile inputs cause stabilization use efficiency fuel priming. Changes environment affect solubility minerals change relative surfaces charges SOC, including pH reductive dissolution Fe-bearing minerals. By considering these different physical, chemical, biological controls contribute destabilization, develop thoughtful hypotheses about persistence vulnerability soils make more accurate robust predictions cycling changing environment.

Язык: Английский

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Coupled iron cycling and organic matter transformation across redox interfaces

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(9), С. 659 - 673

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Divergent changes in particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon upon permafrost thaw

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022

Permafrost thaw can stimulate microbial decomposition and induce soil carbon (C) loss, potentially triggering a positive C-climate feedback. However, earlier observations have concentrated on bulk C dynamics upon permafrost thaw, with limited evidence involving fractions. Here, we explore how the functionally distinct fractions, including particulate mineral-associated organic (POC MAOC) as well iron-bound (OC-Fe), respond to using systematic measurements derived from one sequence five additional thermokarst-impacted sites Tibetan Plateau. We find that topsoil POC content substantially decreases, while MAOC remains stable OC-Fe accumulates due enriched Fe oxides after thaw. Moreover, proportion of increases along at most sites. The relatively fractions would alleviate weaken its feedback climate warming over long-term thermokarst development.

Язык: Английский

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Composting Processes for Agricultural Waste Management: A Comprehensive Review

Processes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(3), С. 731 - 731

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Composting is the most adaptable and fruitful method for managing biodegradable solid wastes; it a crucial agricultural practice that contributes to recycling farm wastes. profitable various plant, animal, synthetic wastes, from residential bins large corporations. waste management (AWM) practices flourish in developing countries, especially Pakistan. has advantages over other AWM practices, such as landfilling waste, which increases potential pollution of groundwater by leachate, while composting reduces water contamination. Furthermore, burned, open-dumped on land surfaces, disposed into bodies water, leading environmental global warming concerns. Among an environment-friendly cost-effective disposal. This review investigates improved via conventional emerging processes stages: composting, underlying mechanisms, factors influence discrete crop residue, municipal (MSW), biomedical (BMW). Additionally, this describes compares composting. In conclusion, current trends future possibilities are summarized reviewed. Recent developments highlighted critical review; recommendations developed aid its technological growth, recognize advantages, increase research interest processes.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of tillage on soil organic carbon and crop yield under straw return

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 354, С. 108543 - 108543

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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