Land use modulates resistance of grasslands against future climate and inter‐annual climate variability in a large field experiment

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Climate and land-use change are key drivers of global change. Full-factorial field experiments in which both manipulated essential to understand predict their potentially interactive effects on the structure functioning grassland ecosystems. Here, we present 8 years data dynamics from Global Change Experimental Facility Central Germany. On large experimental plots, temperature seasonal patterns precipitation by superimposing regional climate model projections onto background variability. manipulation is factorially crossed with agricultural scenarios, including intensively used meadows extensively (i.e., low-intensity) pastures. Inter-annual variation during our study was high, three driest record for region. The this temporal variability far exceeded experimentally imposed plant species diversity productivity, especially grasslands sown only a few grass cultivars. These changes productivity response alterations were due immigrant replacing target forage This shift cultivars may impose additional economic costs terms decreasing value need more frequent management measures. In contrast, showed weaker responses future inter-annual variability, suggesting that these diverse resistant than used, species-poor grasslands. We therefore conclude lower intensity grasslands, associated higher diversity, can stabilize primary under

Язык: Английский

---

Plant species richness on the Tibetan Plateau: patterns and determinants

Ecography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2023(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022

Whether current hypotheses for geographic patterns of species richness (SR) have a strong explanatory power the Tibetan Plateau (TP) with extreme climatic conditions remains unclear. In comparison classic ‘water–energy dynamics hypothesis', unique climate factors (e.g. low temperature and oxygen partial pressure) on TP likely significantly affect spatial variation SR. Here, we investigate determinants SR through systematic field investigation. We systematically analyzed total 2013 plant communities covering 11 different vegetation types TP. To compare this that other sites across globe, compiled global database containing information 87 forest 3660 grassland plots. The per 400 m 2 in forests shrubs 1 alpine grasslands deserts was 62.76 (± 1.80 SE), 44.53 7.57 16.84 0.39 SE) 3.62 0.55 respectively. decreased latitude altitude, whereas showed unimodal pattern along altitudinal gradient. Unique factors, such as temperature, mean diurnal pressure, act synergistically water–energy influence Furthermore, tree lower than tropical subtropical broadleaf but higher temperate conifer forests. Alpine meadows had sites; however, desert lower. Our findings provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying diversity, especially plateaus high‐latitude regions. map km resolution important benchmarks biodiversity conservation may help to improve predictions effect change biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

---

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped species-diversity and species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, investigated drivers for diversity richness. only location, stratified by type, as predictor, our spatial model, to best of knowledge, provides most accurate map in Amazonia date, explaining approximately 70% species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage variation alpha-diversity Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that size fragmentation these systems drive their large-scale patterns hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, density, temperature seasonality explains 47% terra-firme Amazonia. Over large areas Amazonia, residuals this relationship are small poorly spatially structured, suggesting much residual may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing lower than expected models. provide extensive plot meta-data, including results gridded maps resolution.

Язык: Английский

---

Predicting the responses of European grassland communities to climate and land cover change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1902)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2024

European grasslands are among the most species-rich ecosystems on small spatial scales. However, human-induced activities like land use and climate change pose significant threats to this diversity. To explore how cover will affect biodiversity community composition in grassland ecosystems, we conducted joint species distribution models (SDMs) extensive vegetation-plot database sPlotOpen project distributions of 1178 across Europe under current conditions three future scenarios. We further compared model accuracy computational efficiency between SDMs (JSDMs) stacked SDMs, especially for rare species. Our results show that: (i) communities mountain ranges expected suffer high rates loss, while those western, northern eastern experience substantial turnover; (ii) scaling anomalies were observed predicted richness, reflecting regional differences dominant drivers assembly processes; (iii) JSDMs did not outperform predictive power but demonstrated superior fitting predicting; (iv) incorporating co-occurrence datasets improved performance predicting This article is part theme issue ‘Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: dynamics a transforming biosphere’.

Язык: Английский

---

Dry grasslands and thorn-cushion communities of Armenia: a first syntaxonomic classification

Vegetation Classification and Survey, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5, С. 39 - 73

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Aim : To provide the first syntaxonomic, plot-based classification of dry grasslands and thorn-cushion communities in Armenia. Study area Methods We sampled 111 vegetation plots (10 m 2 ) recorded environmental structural parameters. collected additional 487 relevés from surrounding countries for a broad-scale comparison. used modified TWINSPAN to derive syntaxonomic system, whose units were then compared among each other regarding species composition, structure, site conditions distribution. Results The Armenian resulted 12-cluster solution. Unsupervised dataset yielded five main groups, which high-level assignments data. assigned about half Festuco-Brometea , while remaining represented potential new class, preliminarily called “ Ziziphora tenuior-Stipa arabica grasslands”. Most syntaxa below class level are science, therefore we formal descriptions three orders ( Plantagini atratae-Bromopsietalia variegatae Onobrychido transcaucasicae-Stipetalia pulcherrimae Cousinio brachypterae-Stipetalia arabicae ), four alliances Acantholimono caryophyllacei-Stipion holosericeae Artemision fragrantis michauxii-Stipion capillatae transcaucasicae-Stipion six associations. found significant differences topographic, climatic soil characteristics, parameters, life forms distribution range types between grassland at different levels. mean richness was 47.3 (vascular plants: 46.8, bryophytes: 0.4, lichens: 0.1). Conclusions remarkable previously known described most higher all associations as science. Our study provides arguments separate both Euro-Siberian Anatolian Astragalo-Brometea . Finally, plot scale vascular plants clearly above Palaearctic average that non-vascular below, calls further biodiversity analyses. Taxonomic reference Euro+Med (2023) plants, Hodgetts et al. (2020) bryophytes, Nimis (2018) lichens except Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis (Ach.) Hale. Abbreviations EDGG = Eurasian Dry Grassland Group; DCA detrended correspondence analysis; ICPN International Code Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat 2021); two-way indicator analysis.

Язык: Английский

---