Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(39)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Abstract The rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad advanced 3D printing techniques, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers significant advantage nanoscale print resolution, been widely employed diverse fields, for example, life sciences, materials mechanics, microfluidics. More recently, by virtue optical transparency most resins used, TPL is finding new applications optics photonics, with nanometer to millimeter feature dimensions. It enables minimization elements systems, exploration light‐matter interactions degrees freedom, never possible before. To review recent progress related research, it starts fundamentals material formulation, then discusses novel fabrication methods, wide range These notably include diffractive, topological, quantum, color optics. With panoramic view development, concluded insights perspectives future potential

Язык: Английский

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(4), С. 042002 - 042002

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Abstract Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies impact research activities our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through series complex processes, while polymers offer versatility ease production. However, modern applications often require lens assemblies, driving need for miniaturization advanced designs with micro- nanoscale features surpass capabilities traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents solution these challenges benefits rapid prototyping, customized geometries, efficient production, particularly suited miniaturized optical devices. Various 3D printing methods demonstrated advantages over counterparts, yet remain in achieving resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), technique, enables intricate structures beyond diffraction limit via nonlinear process two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, prototyping almost arbitrary nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize importance criteria performance evaluation devices, discuss material properties relevant TPL, techniques, highlight application TPL imaging. As first panoramic review on topic, it will equip researchers foundational knowledge recent advancements optics, promoting deeper field. By leveraging its high-resolution capability, extensive range, true processing, alongside advances materials, design, envisage disruptive solutions current promising incorporation future applications.

Язык: Английский

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Nanomaterial-Based Artificial Vision Systems: From Bioinspired Electronic Eyes to In-Sensor Processing Devices

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(2), С. 1241 - 1256

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

High-performance robotic vision empowers mobile and humanoid robots to detect identify their surrounding objects efficiently, which enables them cooperate with humans assist human activities. For error-free execution of these robots' tasks, efficient imaging data processing capabilities are essential, even under diverse complex environments. However, conventional technologies fall short meeting the high-standard requirements such circumstances. Here, we discuss recent progress in artificial systems high-performance enabled by distinctive electrical, optical, mechanical characteristics nanomaterials surpassing limitations traditional silicon technologies. In particular, focus on nanomaterial-based electronic eyes in-sensor devices inspired biological animal visual recognition systems, respectively. We provide perspectives key nanomaterials, device components, functionalities, as well explain remaining challenges future prospects systems.

Язык: Английский

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Bright Innovations: Review of Next-Generation Advances in Scintillator Engineering

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(22), С. 14029 - 14049

Опубликована: Май 23, 2024

This review focuses on modern scintillators, the heart of ionizing radiation detection with applications in medical diagnostics, homeland security, research, and other areas. The conventional method to improve their characteristics, such as light output timing properties, consists improving material composition doping,

Язык: Английский

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Differential perovskite hemispherical photodetector for intelligent imaging and location tracking

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Abstract Advanced photodetectors with intelligent functions are expected to take an important role in future technology. However, completing complex detection tasks within a limited number of pixels is still challenging. Here, we report differential perovskite hemispherical photodetector serving as smart locator for imaging and location tracking. The high external quantum efficiency (~1000%) low noise (10 −13 A Hz −0.5 ) enable stable large variations signal response. Analysing the light response only 8 computer algorithm can realize capability colorful computational spectral resolution 4.7 nm low-cost lensless device geometry. Through machine learning mimic current under different applied biases, one more dimensional information be recorded, dynamically tracking running trajectory object three-dimensional space or two-dimensional plane color classification function.

Язык: Английский

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An ultrawide field-of-view pinhole compound eye using hemispherical nanowire array for robot vision

Science Robotics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(90)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2024

Garnering inspiration from biological compound eyes, artificial vision systems boasting a vivid range of diverse visual functional traits have come to the fore recently. However, most these rely on transformable electronics, which suffer complexity and constrained geometry global deformation, as well potential mismatches between optical detector units. Here, we present unique pinhole eye that combines three-dimensionally printed honeycomb structure with hemispherical, all-solid-state, high-density perovskite nanowire photodetector array. The lens-free can be designed fabricated an arbitrary layout match underlying image sensor. Optical simulations imaging results matched each other substantiated key characteristics capabilities our system, include ultrawide field view, accurate target positioning, motion tracking function. We further demonstrate for advanced robotic by successfully completing moving mission.

Язык: Английский

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Avian eye–inspired perovskite artificial vision system for foveated and multispectral imaging

Science Robotics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(90)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Avian eyes have deep central foveae as a result of extensive evolution. Deep efficiently refract incident light, creating magnified image the target object and making it easier to track motion. These features are essential for detecting tracking remote objects in dynamic environments. Furthermore, avian respond wide spectrum including visible ultraviolet allowing them distinguish from complex backgrounds. Despite notable advances artificial vision systems that mimic animal vision, exceptional detection targeting capabilities via foveated multispectral imaging remain underexplored. Here, we present an system capitalizes on these aspects vision. We introduce fovea vertically stacked perovskite photodetector arrays whose designs were optimized by theoretical simulations demonstration imaging. The successfully identifies colored mixed-color detects through potential use uncrewed aerial vehicles need detect, track, recognize distant targets environments is also discussed. Our eye–inspired marks advance bioinspired visions.

Язык: Английский

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From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics

Small Methods, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Abstract Feynman's statement, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, underscores vast potential atomic scale, envisioning microscopic machines. Today, this vision extends into 3D space, where thousands atoms and molecules are volumetrically patterned to create light‐driven technologies. To fully harness their potential, designs must incorporate high‐refractive‐index elements with exceptional mechanical chemical resilience. The frontier, however, lies in creating spatially micro‐optical architectures glass ceramic materials dissimilar compositions. This multi‐material capability enables novel ways shaping light, leveraging interaction between diverse interfaced compositions push optical boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses both integration within same use different for distinct architectural features an system. Integrating fluid handling systems two‐photon lithography (TPL) provides a promising approach rapidly prototyping such complex components. review examines single TPL processes, discussing photoresin customization, essential physico‐chemical conditions, need cross‐scale characterization assess quality. It reflects on challenges characterizing multi‐scale outlines advancements structures. roadmap bridge research industry, emphasizing collaboration contributions advancing micro‐optics.

Язык: Английский

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Low-temperature 3D printing of transparent silica glass microstructures

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(40)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Transparent silica glass is one of the most essential materials used in society and industry, owing to its exceptional optical, thermal, chemical properties. However, extremely difficult shape, especially into complex miniaturized structures. Recent advances three-dimensional (3D) printing have allowed for creation structures, but these methods involve time-consuming high-temperature processes. Here, we report a photochemistry-based strategy making structures micrometer size under mild conditions. Our technique uses photocurable polydimethylsiloxane resin that 3D printed converted via deep ultraviolet (DUV) irradiation an ozone environment. The unique DUV-ozone conversion process microstructures low temperature (~220°C) fast (<5 hours). highly transparent with smooth surface, comparable commercial fused glass. This work enables arbitrary through photochemistry opens opportunities unexplored territories processing techniques.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Multi‐Photon 3D Laser Printing: Active Materials and Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023

Abstract Since the pioneering work of Kawata and colleagues in 1997, multi‐photon 3D laser printing, also known as direct writing, has made significant advancements a wide range fields. Moreover, development commercialization photocurable inks for this technique have expanded rapidly. One current trends is transition from static to active printable materials, often referred 4D microprinting, which enables new degree control printed systems. This review focuses on four primary application areas: microrobotics, optics photonics, microfluidics, life sciences, highlighting recent progress crucial role including liquid crystalline elastomers, hydrogels, shape memory polymers, composites, among others. It addresses ongoing challenges provides insights into future prospects different

Язык: Английский

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