Dual combined antiviral treatment with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with impaired humoral immunity and persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Hematological Oncology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 41(5), С. 904 - 911

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2023

Despite global vaccination efforts, immunocompromized patients remain at high risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity. In particular, with impaired humoral immunity have shown a of persistent infection. We report case series adult B cell malignancies and/or undergoing targeting therapies persisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and treated combination antiviral therapy remdesivir nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, in three Italian tertiary academic hospitals. A total 14 adaptive prolonged were the dual therapy. The median age was 60 (IQR 56-68) years, 11 male. Twelve had lymphoma, one patient chronic lymphocytic leukemia multiple sclerosis. Thirteen out received prior cell-targeting therapies, consisting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies patients, chimeric antigen receptor T 2 patients. time between diagnosis start 42.0 35-46) days. Seven mild, 6 moderate severe disease. Nine signs interstitial pneumonitis on chest computed tomography scans before treatment. duration nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 10 All showed resolution COVID-19-related symptoms after 4-11) days viral clearance 9 5-11) Combination is promising treatment option COVID-19 impairment, worthy prospective comparative trials.

Язык: Английский

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What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

Cell Biology International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(4), С. 404 - 430

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, virulence, immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a intervention, different types vaccines used worldwide. However, new continue to emerge, especially Omicron complex, neutralizing antibody responses diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined uniqueness from three perspectives. First, described detailed structure spike (S) protein, highly susceptible mutations contributes distinct infection cycle virus. Second, systematically summarized immunoglobulin G epitopes highlighted central role nonconserved regions S protein in adaptive Third, provided an overview targeting discussed impact on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization identification genomic organization will help elucidate its mechanisms viral mutation provide basis for selection optimal treatments. leaps advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted therapeutic remedies sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, technology evolved at pace pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Next-generation treatments: Immunotherapy and advanced therapies for COVID-19

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(5), С. e26423 - e26423

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS recent decades, underscoring their high potential infectivity humans. Insights from previous have played a significant role developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact SARS-CoV-2. As January 7, 2024, there been 774,075,242 confirmed cases worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses administered, 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/)Despite progress addressing rapid evolution SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing challenges. emergence new lineages, shaped mutation recombination processes, has led successive waves infections. This scenario reveals need for next-generation vaccines as crucial requirement ensuring protection against demand calls formulations that trigger robust adaptive immune response without leading inflammation linked with infection.Key mutations detected Spike protein, critical target neutralizing antibodies design —specifically within Receptor Binding Domain region Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, intensified concerns due association immunity evasion vaccinations infections.As world deals this evolving threat, narrative extends realm emerging variants, each displaying implications remain largely misunderstood. Notably, JN.1 lineage is gaining prevalence, early findings suggest it stands among immune-evading characteristic attributed its L455S. Moreover, detrimental consequences novel bear particularly on immunocompromised individuals older adults. Immunocompromised face such suboptimal responses vaccines, rendering them more susceptible disease. Similarly, adults an increased risk disease presence comorbid conditions, find themselves at heightened vulnerability develop Thus, recognizing these intricate factors effectively tailoring public health protect vulnerable populations. In context, review aims describe, analyze, discuss current treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches advanced therapies complements will offer solutions counter disadvantages existing options. Preliminary outcomes show virus address immunomodulatory associated COVID-19. Furthermore, capacity promote tissue repair demonstrated, which can be noteworthy who stand actors landscape possess broader potential, offering wide range variants enhancing ability constant virus. are projected treatment alternatives managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand long-term complications.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 resistance to monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule drugs

Cell chemical biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(4), С. 632 - 657

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Over four years have passed since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. The scientific response has been rapid and effective, with many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies small molecules developed for clinical use. However, given ability viruses to become resistant antivirals, it is perhaps no surprise that field identified resistance nearly all these compounds. Here, we provide a comprehensive review profile each therapeutics. We hope this resource provides an atlas mutations be aware agent, particularly as springboard considerations next generation antivirals. Finally, discuss outlook thoughts moving forward in how continue manage this, next,

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of bivalent mRNA booster vaccines against Omicron variants

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(15), С. 3389 - 3396

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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