Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(5), С. 2350 - 2387

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Язык: Английский

---

Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(9), С. 4674 - 4706

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This review summarizes the recent progress, key design principles and prospects of dimer multimer acceptors for developing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency long-term stability.

Язык: Английский

---

Impact of Electrostatic Interaction on Vertical Morphology and Energy Loss in Efficient Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(18)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2024

Abstract Although a suitable vertical phase separation (VPS) morphology is essential for improving charge transport efficiency, reducing recombination, and ultimately boosting the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), there lack theoretical guidance on how to achieve ideal morphology. Herein, relationship between molecular structure VPS pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) OSCs established by using surface electrostatic potential (ESP) as bridge. The morphological evolution mechanism revealed studying four binary systems with vary difference (∆ESP) donors (Ds) acceptors (As). findings manifest that ∆ESP increases, active layer more likely form well‐mixed phase, while smaller favors Interestingly, it also observed larger leads enhanced miscibility Ds As, resulting in higher non‐radiative energy losses (ΔE 3 ). Based these discoveries, ternary PPHJ device meticulously designed an appropriate obtain better lower ΔE , impressive 19.09% achieved. This work demonstrates optimizing ΔESP, not only formation can be controlled, but reduced, paving way further boost OSC performance.

Язык: Английский

---

A high-efficiency and stable organic solar cell with balanced crystallization kinetics

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6), С. 2182 - 2192

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

In this work, we present a conceptual strategy based on multi-acceptor components to realize balanced crystallization kinetics in organic solar cells (OSC) that deliver 19.35% power conversion efficiency with superior photostability.

Язык: Английский

---

Efficient Dual Mechanisms Boost the Efficiency of Ternary Solar Cells with Two Compatible Polymer Donors to Exceed 19%

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(21)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Abstract Ternary strategyopens a simple avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The introduction wide bandgap polymer donors (PDs) as third component canbetter utilize sunlight and mechanical thermal stability active layer. However, efficient ternary OSCs (TOSCs) with two PDs are rarely reported due inferior compatibility shortage match acceptors. Herein, PDs‐(PBB‐F PBB‐Cl) adopted in dual‐PDs systems explore underlying mechanisms their photovoltaic performance. findings demonstrate that components exhibit excellent miscibility PM6 embedded host donor form alloy‐like phase. A more profound mechanism for enhancing through dual mechanisms, guest energy transfer charge transport at donor/acceptor interface, has been proposed. Consequently, PM6:PBB‐Cl:BTP‐eC9 TOSCs achieve PCE over 19%. Furthermore, better than binary reduction spatial site resistance resulting from tightly entangled long‐chain structure. This work not only provides an effective approach fabricate high‐performance TOSCs, but also demonstrates importance developing compatible PD materials.

Язык: Английский

---

Emerging Light‐Harvesting Materials Based on Organic Photovoltaic D/A Heterojunctions for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(15)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Abstract Photocatalytic water splitting to hydrogen is a highly promising method meet the surging energy consumption globally through environmentally friendly means. As initial step before photocatalysis, harvesting photons from sunlight crucially important, thus making design of photosensitizers with visible even near‐infrared (NIR) absorptions get more and attentions. In past three years, organic donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunctions extending 950 nm, have emerged as new star light‐harvesting materials for photocatalytic splitting, demonstrating exciting advantages over inorganic in solar light utilization, yielding rate, etc. This Minireview firstly gives brief discussion about principle processes determining factors photovoltaic D/A heterojunction photosensitizers. Thereafter, current progress summarized details by introducing typical excellent heterojunction‐based systems. Finally, not only great prospects but also most challenging issues confronted are indicated along perspective on opportunities directions future material explorations.

Язык: Английский

---

In‐Depth Investigation of Morphology Evolution in Highly Efficient Pseudo‐Planar Heterojunction All‐polymer Organic Photovoltaics

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 16, 2025

Abstract Pseudo‐planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure using sequential deposition is an effective method for achieving high‐efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The crystallization and phase separation behavior during film‐forming process intricately related to morphology with PPHJ structure. Despite this, the relationship between these two factors remains ambiguous, thereby impeding further improvements in performance. To tackle this challenge, PM6 PY‐DT all‐polymer systems as models are utilized, combine theoretical calculations, situ spectroscopy, morphological characterization elucidate aforementioned relationship. Thermodynamically, can effectively suppress van der Waals forces, increase crystallinity of PM6, promote matching crystallinity. Kinetically, rate notably faster more sustained, facilitating development interpenetrating network enhanced Furthermore, driven by crystallization‐induced‐phase separation, characterized minimal intermixed content substantial domain size. Concurrently, layer swells a limited extent, downward diffusion PY‐DT, which promotes formation vertical Ultimately, favorable achieved optimizing process, resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) 18.08%, highest PCEs reported binary OPVs based on date.

Язык: Английский

---

Dredging photocarrier trapping pathways via “charge bridge” driven exciton–phonon decoupling enables efficient and photothermal stable quaternary organic solar cells

Energy & Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(8), С. 3350 - 3362

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The “charge bridge” strategy is applied to organic photovoltaic devices, which dredges photocarrier trapping pathways by facilitating exciton–phonon decoupling. This benefit leads simultaneous improvement of efficiency and photothermal stability.

Язык: Английский

---

Improving the Stability of Organic Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices

Solar RRL, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(20)

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are a promising emerging photovoltaic technology for energy conversion. Recently, the power conversion efficiencies of OSCs have been improved to get closer their Schottky–Queisser limit. However, operational stability remains as major challenge ahead deployment practical applications. The main causes OSC instability stem from poor intrinsic materials, metastable morphology multicomponent active layer, unstable interfaces, and sensitivity moisture oxygen. To address these issues, it is necessary comprehensive in‐depth understanding fundamentals develop an integrated solution overcome them. Herein, state‐of‐art strategies used improve aspects material design, device processing, encapsulation techniques, in hope delivering rational solutions, summarized. In end, prospects toward future development efficient stable provided.

Язык: Английский

---

The Asymmetric Strategy of Small‐Molecule Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(17)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Abstract The conjugated small‐molecule materials of organic solar cells have always played a crucial role in light‐harvesting, charge transport, morphology optimization, and the attainment efficient devices. advancement novel understanding underlying molecular design rules serve as driving force for furthering stable photovoltaic Among variety principles, symmetry‐breaking strategy, which is well developed 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’]dithiophene (ITIC)‐series acceptors, recently demonstrates great potential acceptors donors realizing high power conversion efficiency. In this review, order to give deep insight on asymmetric are systematically summarized with structure elucidate structure‐performance relationship, packing behaviors, evolution. Not only delicate balance between open circuit voltage short‐circuit current density, but also reductions recombination non‐radiative considered play key points improving performance when molecule used host or guest materials. Finally, concise challenges outlooks provided future development application molecules strategies.

Язык: Английский

---