Enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 and XBB sub-lineages by a tetravalent COVID-19 vaccine booster

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(1), С. 25 - 34.e5

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Correlates of protection and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections 1 year after third dose vaccination

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the waning immunity raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness protection against COVID-19. While antibody response has been shown to correlate with risk infection original variant earlier concern, antibody-mediated Omicron factors associated remain uncertain.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Several studies have suggested the imprinting of SARS-CoV-2 immunity by original immune challenge without addressing formation de novo response to successive antigen exposures. As this is crucial for development antigenic sin, we assessed against mutated epitopes omicron after vaccine breakthrough. Our data demonstrate a robust humoral in thrice-vaccinated individuals following breakthrough which recall vaccine-induced memory. The and memory B cell responses altered regions surface proteins are impaired. T spike protein present due high cross-reactivity cells rather than response. findings, therefore, underpin speculation that vaccination may lead sin if future variants overcome immunity.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Viral Evolution, Immune Evasion, and Alternative Durable Therapeutic Strategies

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5), С. 697 - 697

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024

Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus has gained dominance worldwide, its continual evolution with unpredictable mutations and patterns revoked all authorized immunotherapeutics. Rapid viral also necessitated several rounds of vaccine updates in order to provide adequate immune protection. It remains imperative understand how evolves into different subvariants causes escape as this could help reevaluate current intervention strategies mostly implemented clinics emergency measures counter pandemic and, importantly, develop new solutions. Here, we a review focusing on major events evolution, including features spike mutation that lead evasion against monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy vaccination, suggest alternative durable options such ACE2-based experimental therapies superior mAbs address unprecedented virus. In addition, type unique virus-trapping molecules can zoonotic SARS coronaviruses, either from unknown animal hosts or established wild-life reservoirs SARS-CoV-2, even seasonal alpha coronavirus NL63 depends human ACE2 for infection.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Humoral Response at SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Multipronged Functional Proteomics Approaches

Journal of Proteome Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(2), С. 515 - 525

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

In the past decade, a major goal in biomedical research has been to understand why individuals differ disease susceptibility, dynamics, and progression. many pathologies, this variability stems from evolved immune mechanisms that resist inflammatory stress various diseases have encountered throughout life. These may provide advantages against other diseases, reduce comorbidities, enhance longevity. This study evaluates prior immunity as prognostic factor COVID-19 patients, crucial for understanding plasmatic signaling cascades different stages their impact on COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects respiratory system presents wide range of symptoms, posing significant challenges medicine. systematically analyzed inflammation two independent cohorts infected patients. A serological profile is determined protein microarrays, which identify IgM IgG responses 37 prevalent microbial pathogens comprehensive plasma analysis 21 acute-phase proteins. Our results reveal distinct profiles correlating with severity, indicating dysregulation patients linked existing immunity. findings highlight relevance monitoring progression, particularly infections vaccine failure, underscore importance functional proteomics determining biomarkers.

Язык: Английский

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Lessons for Medical Countermeasure Development from Unforeseen Outbreaks

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

The unanticipated emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid spread mpox epidemic in 2022 2024 brought unforeseen challenges to public health. While distinct nature, these outbreaks share some similarities offer valuable insights into responding novel virus dissemination vulnerable populations. In light two experiences, we aim discern prioritization medical countermeasures (MCM) among antivirals, antibodies vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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JN.1 variants circulating in Italy from October 2023 to April 2024: genetic diversity and immune recognition

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants poses significant public health challenges. latest designated subvariant JN.1, with all its descendants, shows more than 30 mutations in the spike gene. JN.1 has raised concerns due to genomic diversity potential enhance transmissibility immune evasion. This study aims analyse molecular characteristics JN.1-related lineages (JN.1*) identified Italy from October 2023 April 2024 evaluate neutralization activity against a subsample sera individuals vaccinated XBB.1.5 mRNA. gene 794 JN.1* strain was evaluated phylogenetic analysis conducted compare distance XBB.1.5. Moreover, serum assays were performed on 19 healthcare workers (HCWs) monovalent mRNA booster assess neutralizing capacity JN.1. Sequence displayed high variability between investigation confirmed substantial differentiation regions 29 shared mutations, which 17 located within RBD region. Pre-booster observed 42% HCWs sera, increasing significantly post-booster, showing three months after vaccination. A correlation found anti-trimeric Spike IgG levels titers highlights Italy. Results vaccine suggested enhanced

Язык: Английский

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Use of a Multiplex Immunoassay Platform to Investigate Multifaceted Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinees with and Without Prior Infection

COVID, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(4), С. 44 - 44

Опубликована: Март 22, 2025

The emergence of COVID-19 necessitated the rapid development vaccines. While highly effective at reducing severe disease and death, breakthrough infections remain a problem as virus continues to mutate. To help address this issue, we show utility multiplex immunoassay in measuring multiple aspects antibody response generated by SARS-CoV-2 We use platform measure spike-specific IgG concentration, avidity, receptor-binding inhibition. In addition, correlate results from an ACE-2 inhibition assay with corresponding data microneutralization establish inhibitory potential predictor neutralization. studied these responses SARS-CoV-2-naïve -convalescent vaccinees. Our showed increased concentrations, following vaccination both groups. were also able differentiate immune between two groups using look diversity. has strong correlations cell-based pseudovirus neutralization well WT Washington Delta variant PRNT50 assays. This suggests that may be simultaneously predict different variants. Overall, developed custom several experimental variations is powerful tool assessing vaccinated individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 424 - 424

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating severity clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, as well adenovirus vector-based such Oxford–AstraZeneca. However, emergence new variants subvariants SARS-CoV-2, characterized by enhanced transmissibility immune evasion, poses significant challenges efficacy current vaccination strategies. In review, we aim comprehensively outline landscape emerging concern (VOCs) sub-lineages that recently surfaced post-pandemic years. We assess effectiveness existing their booster doses, against these subvariants, BA.2-derived sub-lineages, XBB BA.2.86 (Pirola). Furthermore, discuss latest advancements vaccine technology, multivalent pan-coronavirus approaches, along development several next-generation coronavirus exosome-based, virus-like particle (VLP), mucosal, nanomaterial-based vaccines. Finally, highlight key critical areas for future research address evolving threat develop strategies combating viral threats, thereby improving preparedness pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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Sustained S-IgG and S-IgA antibodies to Moderna’s mRNA-1273 vaccine in a Sub-Saharan African cohort suggests need for booster timing reconsiderations

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Introduction This study sought to elucidate the long-term antibody responses Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine within a Ugandan cohort, aiming contribute sparse data on m-RNA immunogenicity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We tracked development and persistence of elicited antibodies 19 participants aged 18 67, who received two doses vaccine. A validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG, IgM, IgA against spike (S) nucleoproteins (N). The study’s temporal scope extended from baseline one year, capturing immediate immune responses. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon test evaluate changes levels across predetermined intervals with Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Results Our results showed significant initial rise spike-directed IgG (S-IgG) (S-IgA) levels, which remained elevated duration study. S-IgG concentrations peaked 14 days afterboosting, while IgM (S-IgM) transient, aligning their early response role. Notably, post-booster did not significantly change. Prior status influenced post-priming S-IgA dynamics, positive individuals maintaining higher responses, difference that reach statistical post-boost. Three instances breakthrough infections: among exhibited seropositivity S-IgG, participant initially seronegative S-IgG. Discussion In conclusion, robust persistent particularly after first dose, indicating potential immunity. viral exposure enhances post-vaccination compared naive individuals, aligned prior-naïve, stable observed remaining high over an period, no secondary rise, by exposure, suggest vaccination may sufficiently prime system prolonged protection this population, allowing delay booster schedules as at time boosting. finding calls reassessment dose scheduling demographic.

Язык: Английский

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