The spread of CTX-M-Type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in China: epidemiology and evolutionary analyses

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 90(4), С. 106457 - 106457

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have shown a high level of global transmission, with limited systematic understanding their epidemic patterns in China. A comprehensive analysis covering 1974-2023 identified 133 (3.2%) blaCTX-Ms-producing strains among 4146 from 25 Chinese cities across 82 genera were performed. Integrating public database (n=431), the study comprised 564 blaCTX-Ms-positive isolates sourced 19 provinces (1986-2022) including 300 (53.2%) clinical and 228 (40.4%) environmental blaCTX-Ms. The most frequent sources infection diarrhea (44%), upper respiratory tract (22.2%) urinary (14%). Phylogenetic studies indicated CTX-M-1 CTX-M-9 emerged as predominant subgroups. Lineages exhibited diverse mutation sites without being restricted by geographical conditions. Ka/Ks ratio distribution varied significantly lineages (P<0.05). 1 (L1) L2 characterized neutral or purifying selection, whereas L3 was mainly under selection. Adaptive evolution noted at different loci within each lineage. influence geographic distance on phylogeny distinctly lineages. Notably, for Lineage L3, there remarkably strong correlation observed, which implies that human activities exerted more substantial genetic distances compared to geography. This research provides valuable insights into epidemiology, genotypic diversity, evolutionary traits blaCTX-Ms China, supporting health risk assessment early warning systems.

Язык: Английский

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A glimpse into viral warfare: decoding the intriguing role of highly pathogenic coronavirus proteins in apoptosis regulation

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

Coronaviruses employ various strategies for survival, among which the activation of endogenous or exogenous apoptosis stands out, with viral proteins playing a pivotal role. Notably, highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV exhibit greater array non-structural compared to low-pathogenic strains, facilitating their ability induce via multiple pathways. Moreover, these are adept at dampening host immune responses, thereby bolstering replication persistence. This review delves into intricate interplay between apoptosis, systematically elucidating molecular mechanisms underpinning induction by proteins. Furthermore, it explores potential therapeutic avenues stemming from inhibition antiviral agents utilization apoptosis-inducing modalities. These insights not only shed light on pathogenesis but also offer novel perspectives cancer therapy.

Язык: Английский

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High protection and transmission-blocking immunity elicited by single-cycle SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in hamsters

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2024

Vaccines have played a central role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, but newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are increasingly evading first-generation vaccine protection. To address this challenge, we designed "single-cycle infection viruses" (SCVs) that lack essential viral genes, possess distinctive immune-modulatory features, and exhibit an excellent safety profile Syrian hamster model. Animals intranasally vaccinated with Envelope-gene-deleted candidate were fully protected against autologous challenge virus through systemic mucosal humoral immune responses. Additionally, deletion of immune-downregulating genes construct prevented transmission to contact animals. Moreover, animals displayed neither tissue inflammation nor lung damage. Consequently, SCVs hold promising potential induce potent protection COVID-19, surpassing immunity conferred by natural infection, as demonstrated human cells.

Язык: Английский

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Intrahost evolution leading to distinct lineages in the upper and lower respiratory tracts during SARS-CoV-2 prolonged infection

Virus Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Accumulating evidence points to persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in immunocompromised individuals as a source of novel lineages. While intrahost evolution the virus chronically infected patients has previously been reported, existing knowledge is primarily based on samples from nasopharynx. In this study, we investigate and genetic diversity that accumulated during prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron BF.7 sublineage, which estimated have persisted for &gt;1 year an immunosuppressed patient. Based sequencing eight collected at six time points, identified 87 single-nucleotide variants, indels, 362-bp deletion. Our analysis revealed distinct viral genotypes nasopharyngeal (NP), endotracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage samples. This suggests NP may not offer comprehensive representation overall diversity. findings only demonstrate sublineage can further diverge its already exceptionally mutated state but also highlight develop genetically specific populations across anatomic compartments. provides insights into intricate nature dynamics infections.

Язык: Английский

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Tradeoffs between proliferation and transmission in virus evolution – insights from evolutionary and functional analyses of SARS-CoV-2

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

To be successful a virus must maintain high between-host transmissibility while also effectively adapting within hosts. The impact of these potentially conflicting demands on viral genetic diversity and adaptation remains largely unexplored. These modes can induce uncorrelated selection, bring to frequency mutations that enhance certain fitness aspects at others' expense, contribute the maintenance variation. vast wealth SARS-CoV-2 data gathered from across hosts offers an unparalleled opportunity test above hypothesis. By analyzing large set sequences (~ 2 million) collected early 2020 mid-2021, we found are sometimes detrimental during transmission. This highlights potential inverse selection pressures within- versus between-hosts. We identified group nonsynonymous changes likely maintained by pleiotropy, as their frequencies significantly higher than neutral expectation, yet they have never experienced clonal expansion. Analyzing one such mutation, spike M1237I, reveals I1237 boosts assembly but reduces in vitro transmission, highlighting its pleiotropic effect. Though make up about 2% total changes, types variants represent 37% diversity. notably prevalent Omicron variant late 2021, hinting pleiotropy may promote positive epistasis new variants. Estimates population dynamics, sizes transmission bottlenecks, assume neutrality within-host Our demonstration affect calls into question robustness estimates.

Язык: Английский

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Hidden evolutionary constraints dictate the retention of coronavirus accessory genes

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Parental Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Predominates Over Coinfected SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta, Producing Less Lethal Variants in a Long‐Term Replication Mouse Model

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2, which limits public control and treatment, seems to have occurred through multiple mechanisms, including recombination cocirculating strains in hosts. However, insufficient experimental data been obtained after coinfection. Therefore, we investigated the emergence variants coinfection with parental SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta. We found that fewer (approximately 50%) mutations accumulated Calu‐3 cells than other serial passaging. Previously, established a long‐term replication mouse model by infecting cell‐derived xenograft tumors SARS‐CoV‐2. Here, utilized our investigate outcome More diverse viral mutations, along high‐frequency simultaneous were discovered during cell Viral isolates from showed no cytopathic effects formed much smaller plaques. Phylogenetic analysis suggested genetic makeup remained largely same as rather challenge revealed less lethal Delta strains. These findings suggest predominates over when coinfected, but contributes toward better host adaptation without recombination.

Язык: Английский

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Coronaviruses: Pandemic SARS-CoV-2

Springer eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 79

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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