Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Cancer
immunotherapy
aims
to
harness
the
body's
own
immune
system
for
effective
and
long-lasting
elimination
of
malignant
neoplastic
tissues.
Owing
advance
in
understanding
cancer
pathology
immunology,
many
novel
strategies
enhancing
immunological
responses
against
various
cancers
have
been
successfully
developed,
some
translated
into
excellent
clinical
outcomes.
As
one
promising
strategy
next
generation
immunotherapies,
activating
multi-cellular
network
(MCN)
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
deploy
multiple
mechanisms
action
(MOAs)
has
attracted
significant
attention.
To
achieve
this
effectively
safely,
delivering
or
pleiotropic
therapeutic
cargoes
targeted
sites
cancerous
tissues,
cells,
intracellular
organelles
is
critical,
which
numerous
nanocarriers
developed
leveraged.
In
review,
we
first
introduce
payloads
categorized
according
their
predicted
functions
physicochemical
structures
forms.
Then,
nanocarriers,
along
with
unique
characteristics,
properties,
advantages,
limitations,
are
introduced
notable
recent
applications
immunotherapy.
Following
discussions
on
targeting
strategies,
a
summary
each
nanocarrier
matching
suitable
provided
comprehensive
background
information
designing
regimens.
Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 27
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025
mRNA-based
therapies
have
emerged
as
a
transformative
tool
in
modern
medicine,
gaining
significant
attention
following
their
successful
use
COVID-19
vaccines.
Delivery
to
the
lungs
offers
several
compelling
advantages
for
mRNA
delivery.
The
are
one
of
most
vascularized
organs
body,
which
provides
an
extensive
surface
area
that
can
facilitate
efficient
drug
transport.
Local
delivery
bypasses
gastrointestinal
degradation,
potentially
enhancing
therapeutic
efficacy.
In
addition,
capillary
network
ideal
target
systemic
However,
developing
effective
presents
challenges.
complex
anatomy
and
body's
immune
response
foreign
particles
create
barriers
This
review
discusses
key
approaches
overcoming
these
challenges
improving
lungs.
It
examines
both
local
strategies
aimed
at
lung
while
mitigating
off-target
effects.
Although
substantial
progress
has
been
made
lung-targeted
therapies,
remain
optimizing
cellular
uptake
achieving
efficacy
within
pulmonary
tissues.
continued
refinement
enhance
lung-specific
targeting
minimizing
degradation
is
critical
clinical
success
therapies.
Nanoparticles
(NPs)
have
been
extensively
researched
for
targeted
diagnostic
imaging
and
drug
delivery,
yet
their
clinical
translation
remains
limited,
with
only
a
few
achieving
Food
Drug
Administration
approval.
This
limited
success
is
primarily
due
to
challenges
in
precise
organ-
or
tissue-specific
targeting,
which
arise
from
off-target
tissue
accumulation
suboptimal
clearance
profiles.
Herein
we
examine
the
critical
role
of
physicochemical
properties,
including
size,
surface
charge,
shape,
elasticity,
hardness,
density,
governing
biodistribution,
targetability,
NPs.
We
highlight
recent
advancements
engineering
NPs
showcasing
both
significant
progress
remaining
field
nanomedicine.
Additionally,
discuss
emerging
tools
technologies
that
are
being
developed
address
these
challenges.
Based
on
insights
materials
science,
biomedical
engineering,
computational
biology,
research,
propose
key
design
considerations
next-generation
nanomedicines
enhanced
organ
selectivity.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025
Cancer
immunotherapy
aims
to
harness
the
body's
own
immune
system
for
effective
and
long-lasting
elimination
of
malignant
neoplastic
tissues.
Owing
advance
in
understanding
cancer
pathology
immunology,
many
novel
strategies
enhancing
immunological
responses
against
various
cancers
have
been
successfully
developed,
some
translated
into
excellent
clinical
outcomes.
As
one
promising
strategy
next
generation
immunotherapies,
activating
multi-cellular
network
(MCN)
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
deploy
multiple
mechanisms
action
(MOAs)
has
attracted
significant
attention.
To
achieve
this
effectively
safely,
delivering
or
pleiotropic
therapeutic
cargoes
targeted
sites
cancerous
tissues,
cells,
intracellular
organelles
is
critical,
which
numerous
nanocarriers
developed
leveraged.
In
review,
we
first
introduce
payloads
categorized
according
their
predicted
functions
physicochemical
structures
forms.
Then,
nanocarriers,
along
with
unique
characteristics,
properties,
advantages,
limitations,
are
introduced
notable
recent
applications
immunotherapy.
Following
discussions
on
targeting
strategies,
a
summary
each
nanocarrier
matching
suitable
provided
comprehensive
background
information
designing
regimens.
