An mRNA vaccine against monkeypox virus inhibits infection by co-activation of humoral and cellular immune responses

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

The persistent monkeypox outbreaks intensify the demand for vaccines. Based on mRNA vaccine platform, we conduct a systematic screening of virus (MPXV) surface proteins from two types viral particles, extracellular enveloped viruses (EVs) and intracellular mature (MVs). This unveils 12 important antigens with diverse levels neutralizing immunogenicity. Further assessment reveals that combinations 4, 8, these antigens, namely Mix-4, Mix-8, Mix-12, induce varying degrees immune protection, Mix-12 being most potent. finding demonstrates significance not only level but also diversity antibodies in providing potent protection. Additionally, utilize T cell-epitope enrichment strategy, analyzing complete proteome sequence MPXV to predict antigenic epitope-rich regions. Integration regions into cellular immune-targeting antigen, named MPX-EPs, showcases can independently confer Furthermore, co-immunization MPX-EPs achieves protection against challenge. Overall, results suggest an effective approach enhance vaccines through specific coordination humoral responses. immunogenicity screen proteins, authors develop which they combine cell achieve coordinated activation

Язык: Английский

Monkeypox Virus: WHO's Second Public Health Emergency of International Concern Within 2 Years

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

ABSTRACT An upsurge of monkeypox disease (mpox) cases with clade I virus in Central Africa led WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency International Concern for second time shortly after the worldwide II mpox epidemic 2022/3 among homosexual men. In Democratic Republic Congo (DRC), annual incidence mpox, transmitted mostly from animal sources children, increased 20‐fold between 1980 and 2007; 60,000 occurred 2010 2023. The again doubled 2023 2024, showing case fatality rate 3.3%. A new Ib was detected 2024 eastern DRC where adults were infected by heterosexual contact. recently introduced showed mutation spectrum human‐to‐human transmission. Asymptomatic infections, release infectious before symptom onset subgroup cases, superspreaders complicate containment measures during 2022 epidemic. Isolation until two consecutive negative PCR tests recommended but necessitates cheap rapid diagnostic which are development. Sexual behavioural changes have contributed more curbing than vaccination. smallpox vaccine Dryvax protected children exposed 1980s. attenuated third‐generation Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccines derivatives robust protection against IIb various study formats. Vaccine efficacy exceeding 75% reported doses. mRNA lipid‐nanoparticle encoding surface proteins extracellular enveloped intracellular mature virions (MPXV) induced humoral cellular immune responses that macaques viruses better MVA. Only mixtures monoclonal antibodies mice mpox. antiviral tecovirimat no clinical trials

Язык: Английский

MPOX unveiled: Global epidemiology, treatment advances, and prevention strategies

One Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101030 - 101030

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский