Advancing Colorectal Cancer Diagnostics from Barium Enema to AI-Assisted Colonoscopy

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(8), С. 974 - 974

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostic methodologies. Traditional screening techniques, including barium enema and fecal occult blood tests, have been progressively replaced by more precise modalities, such as colonoscopy, liquid biopsy, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted imaging. Objective: This review explores the evolution of CRC tools, from conventional imaging methods to cutting-edge AI-driven approaches, emphasizing their clinical utility, cost-effectiveness, integration into multidisciplinary healthcare settings. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, Scopus databases, selecting studies that evaluate various endoscopic advancements, biopsy applications, AI-assisted techniques. Key inclusion criteria include on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, outcomes, economic feasibility. Results: colonoscopy has demonstrated superior adenoma detection rates (ADR), reduced interobserver variability, enhanced real-time lesion classification, offering cost-effective alternative particularly high-volume institutions. While provides non-invasive means molecular profiling, it cost-intensive requires frequent testing, making suitable for post-treatment surveillance high-risk patient monitoring. Conclusions: The future diagnostics lies hybrid model, leveraging precision with insights biopsy. is expected revolutionize early detection, risk stratification, personalized treatment ultimately improving outcomes efficiency.

Язык: Английский

Gastric Adenocarcinomas with CDX2 Induction Show Higher Frequency of TP53 and KMT2B Mutations and MYC Amplifications but Similar Survival Compared with Cancers with No CDX2 Induction

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(24), С. 7635 - 7635

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2024

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers. Mortality high, and improved treatments are needed. A better understanding pathophysiology disease discovery biomarkers for targeted therapies paramount therapeutic progress. CDX2, a transcription factor hindgut specification, induced in several gastric cancers, especially with intestinal differentiation, could be helpful defining sub-types particular characteristics. Methods: cancers CDX2 mRNA expression were identified from cohort The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) compared that had no induction. Induced was defined as z-score relative to all samples above 0, non-induced below -1. Results: Patients induction older, less frequently diffuse histology, more often mutations TP53 KMT2B amplifications MYC. correlated HNF4α reversely SOX2. showed lower PD-L1 than but did not differ CLDN18 expression. Progression-free overall survival two groups also significantly different. Conclusion: displayed specific characteristics differentiate them interest optimizing current future therapies.

Язык: Английский

Biomarker repurposing: opportunities and challenges in the evolving field of laboratory medicine

Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский