Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply of multiple ecosystem services

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2018

Trade-offs and synergies in the supply of forest ecosystem services are common but drivers these relationships poorly understood. To guide management that seeks to promote multiple services, we investigated between 12 stand-level attributes, including structure, composition, heterogeneity plant diversity, plus 4 environmental factors, proxies for 14 150 temperate plots. Our results show attributes best predictors most also good several trade-offs services. Environmental factors play an important role, mostly combination with attributes. study suggests managing forests increase structural heterogeneity, maintain large trees, canopy gaps would These highlight potential encourage multifunctional suggest a coordinated landscape-scale strategy could help mitigate human-dominated landscapes.

Язык: Английский

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Soil multitrophic network complexity enhances the link between biodiversity and multifunctionality in agricultural systems

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 28(1), С. 140 - 153

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2021

Belowground biodiversity supports multiple ecosystem functions and services that humans rely on. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring the determinants biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, particularly in intensely managed agricultural ecosystems. Here, we reported significant positive relationships between soil organism groups 228 fields, relating to crop yield, nutrient provisioning, element cycling, pathogen control. The were influenced by types organisms phylotypes with larger sizes or at higher trophic levels, for example, invertebrates protist predators, appeared exhibit weaker no BEF when compared those smaller lower archaea, bacteria, fungi, phototrophs. Particularly, highlighted role network complexity, reflected co-occurrence patterns among multitrophic-level organisms, enhancing link functions. Our results represent advance forecasting impacts belowground multitrophic on systems, suggest complexity should be considered key factor productivity sustainability under land-use intensification.

Язык: Английский

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A closer look at the functions behind ecosystem multifunctionality: A review

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 109(2), С. 600 - 613

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2020

Abstract In recent years there has been an upsurge of studies on ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), or the ability ecosystems to simultaneously provide multiple functions and/or services. The concept EMF itself, analytical approaches used calculate it, and its implications depending spatial scale field study have discussed in detail. However, date little dialogue concerning basis studies: what should not be considered appropriate measures for functions. To begin this discussion, we performed in‐depth review across four major terrestrial (agroecosystems, drylands, forests grasslands) by analysing 82 studies, which together assessed 775 from a variety greenhouse experiments globe. number analysed varied two per found large differences distribution types service categories. Furthermore, was explanation why certain variables were included calculation how they relate functioning. Synthesis . Based literature analysis, it is clear that no general agreement regarding measurements ecology. address issue, propose guideline determining measuring

Язык: Английский

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A high-resolution canopy height model of the Earth

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(11), С. 1778 - 1789

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Abstract The worldwide variation in vegetation height is fundamental to the global carbon cycle and central functioning of ecosystems their biodiversity. Geospatially explicit and, ideally, highly resolved information required manage terrestrial ecosystems, mitigate climate change prevent biodiversity loss. Here we present a comprehensive canopy map at 10 m ground sampling distance for year 2020. We have developed probabilistic deep learning model that fuses sparse data from Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) space-borne LiDAR mission with dense optical satellite images Sentinel-2. This retrieves canopy-top Sentinel-2 anywhere on Earth quantifies uncertainty these estimates. Our approach improves retrieval tall canopies typically high stocks. According our map, only 5% landmass covered by trees taller than 30 m. Further, find 34% are located within protected areas. Thus, can serve ongoing efforts forest conservation has potential foster advances climate, modelling.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of microplastics and drought on soil ecosystem functions and multifunctionality

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 58(5), С. 988 - 996

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2021

Abstract Microplastics in soils have become an important threat for terrestrial systems as they may potentially alter the geochemical/biophysical soil environment and can interact with drought. As microplastics affect water content, this could exacerbate well‐known negative effects of drought on ecosystem functionality. Thus, functions including litter decomposition, aggregation or those related nutrient cycling be altered. Despite potential interaction, we know relatively little about how microplastics, under different conditions, multifunctionality. To address gap, performed experiment using grassland plant communities growing microcosms. Microplastic fibres (absent, present) conditions (well‐watered, drought) were applied a fully factorial design. At harvest, measured to (β‐glucosaminidase, β‐D‐cellobiosidase, phosphatase, β‐glucosidase enzymes), respiration, retention, pH, decomposition (water stable aggregates). provide these simultaneously, also assessed multifunctionality, index that encompasses array here. We found interaction between microplastic affected Drought had negatively by decreasing enzymatic activities up ~39%, while increased ~18%, pH ~4% retention ~70% diminishing leaching. impacted enzymes, respiration but importantly, direction depended status. That is, well‐watered decreased ~34% similar values irrespective presence, tended increase microplastics. Litter contrary pattern increasing ~6% percentage Synthesis applications . Single positively depending However, our results suggest cause multifunctionality magnitude strategies counteract new global change factor are necessary.

Язык: Английский

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Foundation Species, Non-trophic Interactions, and the Value of Being Common

iScience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 13, С. 254 - 268

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2019

Foundation species define ecosystems, control the biological diversity of associated species, modulate critical ecosystem processes, and often have important cultural values resonance. This review summarizes current understanding characteristics traits foundation how to distinguish them from other "important" in ecological systems (e.g., keystone, dominant, core species); illustrates analysis structure function networks can be improved enriched by explicit incorporation their non-trophic interactions; discusses importance pro-active identification management as a cost-effective efficient method sustaining valuable processes services securing populations rare, threatened, or endangered species; suggests broader engagement citizen-scientists non-specialists study values.

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbial network complexity predicts ecosystem function along elevation gradients on the Tibetan Plateau

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 172, С. 108766 - 108766

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Ecosystems monitoring powered by environmental genomics: A review of current strategies with an implementation roadmap

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(13), С. 2937 - 2958

Опубликована: Май 16, 2020

Abstract A decade after environmental scientists integrated high‐throughput sequencing technologies in their toolbox, the genomics‐based monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity and functioning ecosystems is yet to be implemented by regulatory frameworks. Despite broadly acknowledged potential genomics this end, technical limitations conceptual issues still stand way its broad application end‐users. In addition, multiplicity implementation strategies may contribute a perception that routine methodology premature or “in development”, hence restraining regulators from binding these tools into legal Here, we review recent implementations methods, applied biomonitoring ecosystems. By taking general overview, without narrowing our perspective particular habitats groups organisms, paper aims compare, discuss strengths four for monitoring: (a) Taxonomy‐based analyses focused identification known bioindicators described taxa; (b) De novo bioindicator analyses; (c) Structural community metrics including inferred ecological networks; (d) Functional (metagenomics metatranscriptomics). We emphasise utility three latter integrate meiofauna microorganisms are not traditionally utilised because difficult taxonomic identification. Finally, propose roadmap programmes leverage analytical advancements, while pointing out current future research needs.

Язык: Английский

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The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 598(7881), С. 468 - 472

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2021

Abstract The leaf economics spectrum 1,2 and the global of plant forms functions 3 revealed fundamental axes variation in traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by evolutionary development species 2 . Ecosystem depend on environmental conditions traits comprise communities 4 However, ecosystem largely unknown, limits our understanding how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate variability 4,5 Here we derive set 6 from dataset surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find most within (71.8%) is captured three key axes. first axis reflects maximum productivity mostly explained vegetation structure. second water-use jointly height climate. third axis, represents carbon-use efficiency, features gradient related aridity, primarily show two state-of-the-art land models reproduce important functions. tend simulate more strongly correlated than those observed, their ability accurately predict full range responses changes carbon, water energy cycling 7,8

Язык: Английский

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Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(34)

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2021

Considering agroecosystem multifunctionality is essential for designing sustainable cropping systems.

Язык: Английский

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