An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 232(1), С. 42 - 59

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Язык: Английский

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Global relationships in tree functional traits

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

Abstract Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, dominant traits underpinning these aspects tree form function remain unclear. Here, considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, root characteristics, we quantify multidimensional expression. We find that nearly half variation is captured two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, other size competition for light. Yet orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses temperature, moisture, elevation. By subsequently relationships, show full dimensionality space eight distinct clusters, each aspect function. Collectively, this work identifies core set needed global patterns biodiversity, it contributes our fundamental understanding functioning forests worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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What are mycorrhizal traits?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 37(7), С. 573 - 581

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Breeding Beyond Monoculture: Putting the “Intercrop” Into Crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021

Intercropping is both a well-established and yet novel agricultural practice, depending on one’s perspective. Such perspectives are principally governed by geographic location whether monocultural practices predominate. Given the negative environmental effects of monoculture agriculture (loss biodiversity, reliance non-renewable inputs, soil degradation, etc.), there has been renewed interest in cropping systems that can reduce impact modern while maintaining (or even increasing) yields. one most promising this regard, faces multitude challenges if it to compete with ultimately replace prevailing norm. These include necessity for more complex designs space time, bespoke machinery, adapted crop cultivars. Plant breeding monocultures focused maximizing yield single-species stands, leading highly productive specialized genotypes. However, indications suggest these genotypes not best intercropping systems. Re-designing programs accommodate inter-specific interactions compatibilities, potentially multiple different partners, certainly challenging, but recent technological advances offer solutions. We identify number such technology-driven directions, either ideotype-driven (i.e., “trait-based” breeding) or quantitative genetics-driven “product-based” breeding). For ideotype breeding, plant growth modeling help predict traits affect inter- intraspecific their influence performance. Quantitative approaches, other hand, estimate values component crops without necessarily understanding underlying mechanisms. argue combined approach, example, integrating genomic-assisted selection indirect genetic effects, may chance bridge gap between current integrated diverse future.

Язык: Английский

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Mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility frame root economics space among tree species

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 234(5), С. 1639 - 1653

Опубликована: Март 4, 2022

Summary The root economics space (RES) is multidimensional and largely shaped by belowground biotic abiotic influences. However, how root–fungal symbioses edaphic fertility drive this complexity remains unclear. Here, we measured absorptive traits of 112 tree species in temperate subtropical forests China, including linked to functional differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts. Our data, from known species, revealed a ‘fungal‐symbiosis’ dimension distinguishing AM ECM species. This divergence likely resulted the contrasting evolutionary development vs associations. Increased tissue cortical facilitates symbiosis, whereas increased branching favours symbiosis. Irrespective type, ‘root‐lifespan’ reflecting aspects construction cost defence was controlled variation specific length density, which fully independent nitrogen content. Within function‐based RES, observed substantial covariation axes with soil phosphorus nitrate levels, highlighting role played these two nutrient acquisition conservation. Overall, our findings demonstrate importance evolved symbiosis pathway framing provide theoretical mechanistic insights into economics.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 31(6), С. 1194 - 1206

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2022

Abstract Aim Our ability to understand how species may respond changing climate conditions is hampered by a lack of high‐quality data on the adaptive capacity species. Plant functional traits are linked many aspects life history and adaptation environment, with different combinations trait values reflecting alternate strategies for adapting varied conditions. If realized limits can be partially explained plant combinations, then new approach using predict expected offer considerable benefits. Location Australia. Time period Current future. Methods Using leaf size, seed mass height 6,747 Australian native from 27 families, we model use future scenarios estimate change impacts based strategies. Results Functional were significant predictor niche metrics potentially meaningful relationships two rainfall variables ( R 2 = .36 & .45) three temperature .21, .28, .30). this method, proportion exposed across their range that beyond will increase under change. Main conclusions approach, called strategy vulnerability, includes metrics. For example, vulnerability (CCV) metric identified small but important (4.3%) average summer in These vulnerable could high priority targets deeper assessment at genomic or physiological level. methods applied any suite co‐occurring plants globally.

Язык: Английский

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Linking rhizosphere soil microbial activity and plant resource acquisition strategy

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 111(4), С. 875 - 888

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

Abstract Plants live in association with a diversity of soil microorganisms, which are extremely important affecting plant growth and biogeochemical cycling. By adopting trait‐based approaches, we explored the linkages between rhizosphere microbial activity resource acquisition strategy above‐ below‐ground across range tree species subtropical evergreen mixed forest. The activities were represented by diverse extracellular enzymes relevant to carbon, nitrogen phosphorus cycling organic carbon (SOC) mineralization. At level, leaf root traits mainly two leading dimensions, that is, ‘fast‐slow’ economics spectrum on well aligned orthogonal collaboration gradient root. Both SOC mineralization varied greatly species. We found positively correlated classical conservation (especially above‐ground), microbes associated fast‐growing feature higher metabolism than slow‐growing In comparison, independent root, it might be an alternative exploitative foraging nutrients for plants. Synthesis . Our study strengthens multivariate nature adapting stresses. findings have potential improve our understanding prediction turnover impacts cycles.

Язык: Английский

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Temperature‐mediated microbial carbon utilization in China's lakes

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(17), С. 5044 - 5061

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Microbes play an important role in aquatic carbon cycling but we have a limited understanding of their functional responses to changes temperature across large geographic areas. Here, explored how microbial communities utilized different substrates and the underlying ecological mechanisms along space-for-time substitution gradient future climate change. The included 47 lakes from five major lake regions China spanning difference nearly 15°C mean annual temperatures (MAT). Our results indicated that warmer generally had lower values variables related concentrations greater utilization than those colder regions. under higher could be attributed bacterial community composition, with abundance Cyanobacteria Actinobacteriota less Proteobacteria We also found core species networks changed increasing temperature, Hydrogenophaga Rhodobacteraceae, which inhibited amino acids carbohydrates, CL500-29-marine-group, promoted all almost substrates. Overall, our findings suggest can mediate by changing interactions between bacteria individual substrates, discovery affect provides insight into potential sequestration within inland water bodies warming.

Язык: Английский

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The origin of bi-dimensionality in plant root traits

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 39(1), С. 78 - 88

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Experimental warming altered plant functional traits and their coordination in a permafrost ecosystem

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(5), С. 1802 - 1816

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Knowledge about changes in plant functional traits is valuable for the mechanistic understanding of warming effects on ecosystem functions. However, observations have tended to focus aboveground traits, and there little information belowground or coordination above- under climate warming, particularly permafrost ecosystems. Based a 7-yr field experiment, we measured 26 four dominant species, explored community composition trait networks response experimental Tibetan Plateau. Experimental shifted community-level toward more acquisitive values, with earlier green-up, greater height, larger leaves, higher photosynthetic resource-use efficiency, thinner roots, specific root length nutrient concentrations. had negligible effect terms diversity. In addition, hub which highest centrality network from area leaf area. These results demonstrate that exhibit consistent adaptive strategies, warmer environments. Such could provide an advantage plants environmental change.

Язык: Английский

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