Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021
In
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
glial
cells,
such
as
microglia
and
astrocytes,
are
normally
associated
with
support
roles
including
contributions
to
energy
metabolism,
synaptic
plasticity,
ion
homeostasis.
addition
providing
for
neurons,
astrocytes
function
resident
immune
cells
in
brain.
The
is
impacted
by
multiple
aspects
aging
local
CNS
changes
caused
neurodegeneration.
During
aging,
display
alterations
their
homeostatic
functions.
For
example,
aged
exhibit
impairments
lysosome
mitochondrial
well
regulation
of
plasticity.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
glia
can
also
alter
pathology
many
neurodegenerative
disorders
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
Parkinson’s
(PD).
Shifts
microbiome
impact
well.
Disruptions
lead
aberrant
microglial
astrocytic
reactivity,
which
contribute
an
exacerbation
neuronal
dysfunction.
this
review,
we
will
discuss
normal
physiological
functions
summarize
novel
findings
highlighting
role
diseases,
examine
contribution
progression.
Goats
are
globally
invaluable
ruminants
that
balance
food
security
and
environmental
impacts,
their
commensal
microbiome
residing
in
the
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT)
is
associated
with
animal
health
productivity.
However,
reference
genomes
functional
repertoires
of
GIT
microbes
goat
kids
have
not
been
fully
elucidated.
Herein,
we
performed
a
comprehensive
landscape
survey
using
metagenomic
sequencing
binning,
spanning
dense
sampling
regime
covering
three
compartments
spatially
five
developmental
ages
temporally.
We
recovered
1002
high-quality
metagenome-assembled
(termed
kid
microbial
catalog
[GKGMC]),
618
which
were
novel.
They
encode
more
than
2.3
million
nonredundant
proteins,
represent
variety
carbohydrate-degrading
enzymes
metabolic
gene
clusters.
The
GKGMC-enriched
taxa,
particularly
Sodaliphilus,
expanded
tree
life
kids.
Using
this
GKGMC,
first
deciphered
prevalence
fiber-degrading
bacteria
for
carbohydrate
decomposition
rumen
colon,
while
ileal
microbiota
specialized
uptake
conversion
simple
sugars.
Moreover,
microorganisms
rapidly
assembled
after
birth,
adaptation
occurred
phases
progression.
Finally,
phytobiotics
modified
cascades
microbiome,
underpinned
by
enrichment
Sharpea
azabuensis
Olsenella
spp.
implicated
lactate
formation
utilization.
This
GKGMC
provides
novel
insights
into
early-life
dynamics
distinct
compartments,
offers
resources
microbiota-related
research
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
understanding
the
modulatory
functions
of
gut
and
microbiota
on
human
diseases
facilitated
our
focused
attention
contribution
to
pathophysiological
alterations
many
extraintestinal
organs,
including
liver,
heart,
brain,
lungs,
kidneys,
bone,
skin,
reproductive,
endocrine
systems.
In
this
review,
we
applied
“gut–X
axis”
concept
describe
linkages
between
other
organs
discussed
latest
findings
related
axis,”
underlying
mechanisms
potential
clinical
intervention
strategies.
ABSTRACT
Dysbiosis
refers
to
the
disruption
of
gut
microbiota
balance
and
is
pathological
basis
various
diseases.
The
main
pathogenic
mechanisms
include
impaired
intestinal
mucosal
barrier
function,
inflammation
activation,
immune
dysregulation,
metabolic
abnormalities.
These
involve
dysfunctions
in
gut–brain
axis,
gut–liver
others
cause
broader
effects.
Although
association
between
diseases
caused
by
dysbiosis
has
been
extensively
studied,
many
questions
remain
regarding
specific
treatment
strategies.
This
review
begins
examining
causes
summarizes
potential
representative
imbalance.
It
integrates
clinical
evidence
explore
preventive
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
emphasizing
importance
understanding
dysbiosis.
Finally,
we
summarized
development
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
research
suggested
that
it
will
play
a
critical
role
future
studies
on
combining
multiomics
technologies
AI
further
uncover
complex
drive
personalized
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021
In
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
glial
cells,
such
as
microglia
and
astrocytes,
are
normally
associated
with
support
roles
including
contributions
to
energy
metabolism,
synaptic
plasticity,
ion
homeostasis.
addition
providing
for
neurons,
astrocytes
function
resident
immune
cells
in
brain.
The
is
impacted
by
multiple
aspects
aging
local
CNS
changes
caused
neurodegeneration.
During
aging,
display
alterations
their
homeostatic
functions.
For
example,
aged
exhibit
impairments
lysosome
mitochondrial
well
regulation
of
plasticity.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
glia
can
also
alter
pathology
many
neurodegenerative
disorders
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
Parkinson’s
(PD).
Shifts
microbiome
impact
well.
Disruptions
lead
aberrant
microglial
astrocytic
reactivity,
which
contribute
an
exacerbation
neuronal
dysfunction.
this
review,
we
will
discuss
normal
physiological
functions
summarize
novel
findings
highlighting
role
diseases,
examine
contribution
progression.
