Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021
Natural
killer
cells
(NK
cells)
are
the
first
line
of
innate
immune
defense
system,
primarily
located
in
peripheral
circulation
and
lymphoid
tissues.
They
kill
virally
infected
malignant
through
a
balancing
play
inhibitory
stimulatory
receptors.
In
pre-clinical
investigational
studies,
NK
show
promising
anti-tumor
effects
used
adoptive
transfer
activated
expanded
cells,
ex-vivo
.
express
co-stimulatory
molecules
that
attractive
targets
for
immunotherapy
cancers.
Recent
clinical
trials
investigating
use
CAR-NK
different
cancers
to
determine
efficiency.
Herein,
we
review
cell
therapy
approaches
preparation
from
tissue
sources,
ways
expansion
“off-the-shelf”
allogeneic
cell-doses
therapies,
how
vector
delivery
systems
engineer
with
CARs)
cancer
immunotherapy.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2021
Abstract
Cancer
development
and
its
response
to
therapy
are
regulated
by
inflammation,
which
either
promotes
or
suppresses
tumor
progression,
potentially
displaying
opposing
effects
on
therapeutic
outcomes.
Chronic
inflammation
facilitates
progression
treatment
resistance,
whereas
induction
of
acute
inflammatory
reactions
often
stimulates
the
maturation
dendritic
cells
(DCs)
antigen
presentation,
leading
anti-tumor
immune
responses.
In
addition,
multiple
signaling
pathways,
such
as
nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(NF-kB),
Janus
kinase/signal
transducers
activators
transcription
(JAK-STAT),
toll-like
receptor
(TLR)
cGAS/STING,
mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK);
factors,
including
cytokines
(e.g.,
interleukin
(IL),
interferon
(IFN),
necrosis
(TNF)-α),
chemokines
C-C
motif
chemokine
ligands
(CCLs)
C-X-C
(CXCLs)),
growth
factors
vascular
endothelial
(VEGF),
transforming
(TGF)-β),
inflammasome;
well
metabolites
prostaglandins,
leukotrienes,
thromboxane,
specialized
proresolving
mediators
(SPM),
have
been
identified
pivotal
regulators
initiation
resolution
inflammation.
Nowadays,
local
irradiation,
recombinant
cytokines,
neutralizing
antibodies,
small-molecule
inhibitors,
DC
vaccines,
oncolytic
viruses,
TLR
agonists,
SPM
developed
specifically
modulate
in
cancer
therapy,
with
some
these
already
undergoing
clinical
trials.
Herein,
we
discuss
crosstalk
between
processes.
We
also
highlight
potential
targets
for
harnessing
cancer.
EBioMedicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
59, С. 102975 - 102975
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2020
Natural
Killer
(NK)
cells
and
CD8+
cytotoxic
T
are
two
types
of
immune
that
can
kill
target
through
similar
mechanisms.
With
the
remarkable
success
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-engineered
(CAR-T)
for
treating
haematological
malignancies,
there
is
a
rapid
growing
interest
in
developing
CAR-engineered
NK
(CAR-NK)
cancer
therapy.
Compared
to
CAR-T
cells,
CAR-NK
could
offer
some
significant
advantages,
including:
(1)
better
safety,
such
as
lack
or
minimal
cytokine
release
syndrome
neurotoxicity
autologous
setting
graft-versus-host
disease
allogenic
setting,
(2)
multiple
mechanisms
activating
activity,
(3)
high
feasibility
'off-the-shelf'
manufacturing.
be
engineered
diverse
antigens,
enhance
proliferation
persistence
vivo,
increase
infiltration
into
solid
tumours,
overcome
resistant
tumour
microenvironment,
ultimately
achieve
an
effective
anti-tumour
response.
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
recent
progress
genetic
engineering
clinical
application
discuss
current
challenges
future
promise
novel
cellular
immunotherapy
cancer.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Июль 29, 2022
Abstract
Radiotherapy
(RT)
is
delivered
for
purposes
of
local
control,
but
can
also
exert
systemic
effect
on
remote
and
non-irradiated
tumor
deposits,
which
called
abscopal
effect.
The
view
RT
as
a
simple
treatment
has
dramatically
changed
in
recent
years,
it
now
widely
accepted
that
provoke
immune
response
gives
strong
rationale
the
combination
immunotherapy
(iRT).
Nevertheless,
several
points
remain
to
be
addressed
such
interaction
system,
identification
best
schedules
with
(IO),
expansion
mechanism
amplify
iRT.
To
answer
these
crucial
questions,
we
roundly
summarize
underlying
showing
whole
landscape
clinical
trials
attempt
identify
In
consideration
rarity
effect,
propose
occurrence
induced
by
radiation
promoted
100%
molecular
genetic
level.
Furthermore,
“radscopal
effect”
refers
using
low-dose
reprogram
microenvironment
may
overcome
resistance
Taken
together,
could
regarded
trigger
antitumor
response,
help
IO
used
radical
added
into
current
standard
regimen
patients
metastatic
cancer.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2022
Monoclonal
antibodies
constitute
a
promising
class
of
targeted
anticancer
agents
that
enhance
natural
immune
system
functions
to
suppress
cancer
cell
activity
and
eliminate
cells.
The
successful
application
IgG
monoclonal
has
inspired
the
development
various
types
therapeutic
antibodies,
such
as
antibody
fragments,
bispecific
derivatives
(e.g.,
antibody-drug
conjugates
immunocytokines).
miniaturization
multifunctionalization
are
flexible
viable
strategies
for
diagnosing
or
treating
malignant
tumors
in
complex
tumor
environment.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
molecular
types,
applications
therapy,
details
clinical
study
advances.
We
also
discuss
rationale
mechanism
action
formats,
including
conjugates,
antibody-oligonucleotide
bispecific/multispecific
immunocytokines,
scaffold
proteins.
With
advances
modern
biotechnology,
well-designed
novel
finally
paving
way
treatments
cancers,
precise
immunotherapy,
clinic.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(18), С. 8813 - 8835
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
In
recent
decades,
chemotherapies
targeting
apoptosis
have
emerged
and
demonstrated
remarkable
achievements.
However,
emerging
evidence
has
shown
that
chemoresistance
is
mediated
by
impairing
or
bypassing
apoptotic
cell
death.
Several
novel
types
of
programmed
death,
such
as
ferroptosis,
necroptosis,
pyroptosis,
recently
been
reported
to
play
significant
roles
in
the
modulation
cancer
progression
are
considered
a
promising
strategy
for
treatment.
Thus,
switch
between
pyroptosis
also
discussed.
Cancer
immunotherapy
gained
increasing
attention
due
breakthroughs
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors;
moreover,
highly
correlated
with
immunity
tumor
microenvironment.
Compared
necroptosis
primary
mechanism
host
defense
crucial
bridging
innate
adaptive
immunity.
Furthermore,
exerts
benefits
on
immunotherapies,
including
inhibitors
(ICIs)
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T-cell
therapy
(CAR-T).
Hence,
this
review,
we
elucidate
role
We
summarize
potential
small
molecules
nanomaterials
target
pyroptotic
death
mechanisms
their
therapeutic
effects
cancer.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2022
Abstract
Cancers
are
highly
complex
diseases
that
characterized
by
not
only
the
overgrowth
of
malignant
cells
but
also
an
altered
immune
response.
The
inhibition
and
reprogramming
system
play
critical
roles
in
tumor
initiation
progression.
Immunotherapy
aims
to
reactivate
antitumor
overcome
escape
mechanisms
tumors.
Represented
checkpoint
blockade
adoptive
cell
transfer,
immunotherapy
has
seen
tremendous
success
clinic,
with
capability
induce
long-term
regression
some
tumors
refractory
all
other
treatments.
Among
them,
blocking
therapy,
represented
PD-1/PD-L1
inhibitors
(nivolumab)
CTLA-4
(ipilimumab),
shown
encouraging
therapeutic
effects
treatment
various
tumors,
such
as
non-small
lung
cancer
(NSCLC)
melanoma.
In
addition,
advent
CAR-T,
CAR-M
novel
methods,
entered
a
new
era.
At
present,
evidence
indicates
combination
multiple
methods
may
be
one
way
improve
effect.
However,
overall
clinical
response
rate
still
needs
improvement,
which
warrants
development
designs
well
discovery
biomarkers
can
guide
prescription
these
agents.
Learning
from
past
failure
both
basic
research
is
for
rational
design
studies
future.
this
article,
we
describe
efforts
manipulate
against
discuss
different
targets
types
exploited
promote
