Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 6022 - 6022

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase predisposition several disease phenotypes such as inflammation and metabolic disorders. converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve biologically active molecules modulating regulatory functions host. Probiotics, which are microorganisms, play a versatile restoring composition microbiota, helping improve prevent phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on their influence health, effects diet how alter function along with corresponding building healthy intestine. We also discuss implications some most important diseases. In summary, significant boosting overall immunity, increasing abundance beneficial bacteria, ameliorate symptoms multiple

Язык: Английский

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What defines a healthy gut microbiome?

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(11), С. 1893 - 1908

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred such as first next generation probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics, microbiota editing faecal transplantation. Central research is how disease impacts vice versa, yet there a problematic issue with term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances various illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant discussions defining 'healthy individuals' ascertain what characterises healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents healthiest segment our population-whether it those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise good nutrition even elderly adults centenarians have been tested by time achieved remarkable longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines microbiome?' considering broader range factors related health environmental influences on microbiota. A undoubtedly linked gut health. Nevertheless, very difficult pinpoint universally accepted definition 'gut health' due complexities measuring functionality besides composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, diet, lifestyle, host factors. Moreover, challenge distinguishing causation correlation between overall presented.The also highlights resource-heavy nature comprehensive assessments, hinders their practicality broad application. Finally, we call continued nuanced approach better understand intricate evolving concept health, emphasising need more precise inclusive definitions methodologies studying

Язык: Английский

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Gut–X axis

iMeta, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the modulatory functions of gut and microbiota on human diseases facilitated our focused attention contribution to pathophysiological alterations many extraintestinal organs, including liver, heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, bone, skin, reproductive, endocrine systems. In this review, we applied “gut–X axis” concept describe linkages between other organs discussed latest findings related axis,” underlying mechanisms potential clinical intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbial metabolites in lung cancer development and immunotherapy: Novel insights into gut-lung axis

Cancer Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 598, С. 217096 - 217096

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Precision Nutrition and Personalized Medicine

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(22), С. 3806 - 3806

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024

Recent studies have shown a growing interest in the complex relationship between human gut microbiota, metabolism, and overall health. This review aims to explore microbiota-host association, focusing on its implications for precision nutrition personalized medicine. The objective is highlight how microbiota modulate metabolic immune functions, contributing disease susceptibility wellbeing. synthesizes recent research findings, analyzing key influence of lipid carbohydrate intestinal health, neurobehavioral regulation, endocrine signaling. Data were drawn from both experimental clinical trials examining interactions relevant nutrition. Our findings essential role microbiota-derived metabolites regulating host including glucose pathways. These been found responses barrier integrity. Additionally, impacts broader physiological processes, neuroendocrine which could be crucial dietary interventions. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms dietary-microbiota-host pivotal advancing strategies. Tailored recommendations based individual compositions hold promise improving health outcomes, potentially revolutionizing future healthcare approaches across diverse populations.

Язык: Английский

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Human Breast Milk: The Role of Its Microbiota and Metabolites in Infant Health

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 72(19), С. 10665 - 10678

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

This review explores the role of microorganisms and metabolites in human breast milk their impact on neonatal health. Breast serves as both a primary source nutrition for newborns contributes to development maturation digestive, immunological, neurological systems. It has potential reduce risks infections, allergies, asthma. As our understanding properties advances, there is growing interest incorporating its benefits into personalized infant strategies, particularly situations which breastfeeding not an option. Future formula products are expected emulate composition advantages milk, aligning with evolving nutrition. The long-term health implications still under investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal patterns of the pregnancy microbiome and links to reproductive disorders

Science Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 69(9), С. 1275 - 1285

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

The microbiome of females undergoes extensive remodeling during pregnancy, which is likely to have an impact on the health both mothers and offspring. Nevertheless, large-scale integrated investigations characterizing dynamics across key body habitats are lacking. Here, we performed meta-analysis that compiles analyzes profiles from >10,000 samples gut, vagina, oral cavity pregnant women diverse geographical regions. We unveiled unexpected variations in taxonomic, functional, ecological characteristics microbial communities throughout course pregnancy. gut microbiota showed distinct trajectories between Western non-Western populations. vagina exhibited fluctuating transitions at genus level gestation, while remained relatively stable. also identified distinctive signatures associated with prevalent pregnancy-related disorders, including opposite patients gestational diabetes disrupted networks preterm birth. This study establishes a comprehensive atlas pregnancy by integrating multidimensional datasets offers foundational insights into intricate interplay microbes host factors underlie reproductive health.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome and its impact on fetal and neonatal brain development: current opinion in pediatrics

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(3), С. 297 - 303

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Purpose of review Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate neurodevelopment cognitive functioning via a bi-directional communication system known as microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Recent findings The MGBA influences brain development function hypothalamic-pituitary axis, vagal nerve, immune signaling, bacterial production neurotransmitters, microbial like short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan derivatives, bile acids. Animal studies show fetal is mediated by maternal activation, diet. Furthermore, manipulation during critical windows development, antibiotic exposure fecal transplantation, can affect behavior in mice. Evidence from human studies, particularly preterm infants, also disrupted colonization may negatively neurodevelopment. Early signatures were linked to favorable adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Summary link between evident. Future including experimental larger participant cohort with longitudinal analyses microbes, their metabolites, randomized controlled trials are warranted further elucidate mechanisms MGBA. Identification early, predictive markers could pave way for novel early microbiota-based intervention strategies, such targeted probiotics, vaginal or aimed at improving infant

Язык: Английский

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Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 5951 - 5951

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Maternal obesity and over/undernutrition can have a long-lasting impact on offspring health during critical periods in the first 1000 days of life. Children born to mothers with reduced immune responses stimuli which increase susceptibility infections. Recently, maternal western-style diets (WSDs), high fat simple sugars, been associated skewing neonatal cell development, recent evidence suggests that dysregulation innate immunity early life has long-term consequences metabolic diseases behavioral disorders later Several factors contribute abnormal tolerance or trained immunity, including changes gut microbiota, metabolites, epigenetic modifications. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding mechanisms whereby these fetal postnatal especially precursor stem cells bone marrow liver. Components microbiota are transferred from consuming WSD their understudied identifying cause effect adaptive development needs be refined. Tools single-cell RNA-sequencing, analysis, spatial location specific liver for understanding system programming. Considering vital role function plays health, it will important understand how control developmental programming immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Selenium Attenuates Radiation Colitis by Regulating cGAS‐STING Signaling

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2024

Abstract Radiation colitis is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and there no effective treatment clinic. Therefore, searching for agents radiation urgently needed. Herein, it found that essential element selenium (Se) protective against through inhibiting X‐ray‐induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inflammation with involvement balancing generation reactive oxygen species after irradiation. Mechanistically, Se, especially nanoparticles (SeNPs), induced selenoprotein expression then functioned to effectively restrain DNA damage response, which reduced intestinal injury. Additionally, SeNPs also restrained cyclic GMP‐AMP synthas (cGAS)‐ stimulator interferon genes (STING)‐TBK1‐IRF3 signaling pathway cascade, thereby blocking transcription inflammatory cytokine gene, IL‐6 TNF‐α, thus alleviating inflammation. Moreover, inducing expression, such as GPX4, vivo can regulate microenvironment immunity gut microbiota attenuate radiation‐induced by oxidative stress maintaining homeostasis. Together, these results unravel a previously unidentified modulation role but suppressing cGAS‐STING‐TBK1‐IRF3 cascade.

Язык: Английский

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