Lessons and Applications of Omics Research in Diabetes Epidemiology

Current Diabetes Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(3), С. 27 - 44

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review Recent advances in genomic technology and molecular techniques have greatly facilitated the identification disease biomarkers, advanced understanding pathogenesis different common diseases, heralded dawn precision medicine. Much these area diabetes been made possible through deep phenotyping epidemiological cohorts, analysis omics data relation to detailed clinical information. In this review, we aim provide an overview on how research could be incorporated into design current future studies. Findings We up-to-date review genetic, epigenetic, proteomic metabolomic markers for related outcomes, including polygenic risk scores. drawn key examples from literature, as well our own experience conducting using Hong Kong Diabetes Register Biobank, other illustrate potential diabetes. studies highlight opportunity, benefit, incorporate profiling set-up epidemiology studies, which can also advance heterogeneity Summary Learnings should facilitate researchers consider incorporating technologies their work field its co-morbidities. Insights would important development medicine

Язык: Английский

---

The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications – 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum

Diabetologia, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(9), С. 1760 - 1782

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Abstract This article summarises the state of science on role gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes , Care and Diabetologia which was held at European Association for Study 2023 Annual Meeting Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians basic scientists who are leading investigators field intestinal microbiome metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: (1) GM may be involved pathophysiology type 2 diabetes, microbially produced metabolites associate both positively negatively with disease, mechanistic links functions (e.g. genes butyrate production) glucose metabolism have recently emerged through use Mendelian randomisation humans; (2) highly individualised nature poses major research obstacle, large cohorts deep-sequencing metagenomic approach required robust assessments associations causation; (3) because single time point sampling misses intraindividual dynamics, future studies repeated measures within individuals needed; (4) much will to determine applicability this expanding knowledge diagnosis treatment, novel technologies improved computational tools important achieve goal.

Язык: Английский

---

Polygenic risk scores as a marker for epilepsy risk across lifetime and after unspecified seizure events

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2024

Abstract A diagnosis of epilepsy has significant consequences for an individual but is often challenging in clinical practice. Novel biomarkers are thus greatly needed. Here, we investigated how common genetic factors (epilepsy polygenic risk scores, [PRSs]) influence detailed longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs) > 700k Finns and Estonians. We found that a high generalized PRS (PRS GGE ) increased (GGE) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73 per standard deviation [SD]) across lifetime within 10 years after unspecified seizure event. The effect was significantly larger on idiopathic epilepsies, females earlier onset. Analogously, more modest focal burden associated with non-acquired (NAFE). outline the potential specific PRSs to serve as first

Язык: Английский

---

A new method for multi-ancestry polygenic prediction improves performance across diverse populations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 27, 2022

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) increasingly predict complex traits, however, suboptimal performance in non-European populations raise concerns about clinical applications and health inequities. We developed CT-SLEB, a powerful scalable method to calculate PRS using ancestry-specific GWAS summary statistics from multi-ancestry training samples, integrating clumping thresholding, empirical Bayes super learning. evaluate CT-SLEB nine-alternatives methods with large-scale simulated (∼19 million common variants) datasets 23andMe Inc., the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, All of Us UK Biobank involving 5.1 individuals diverse ancestry, 1.18 four across thirteen traits. Results demonstrate that significantly improves compared simple alternatives, comparable or superior recent, computationally intensive method. Moreover, our simulation studies offer insights into sample size requirements SNP density effects on prediction.

Язык: Английский

---

SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: More than Just Glucose Regulation

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(7), С. 1995 - 1995

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe and common complication affects quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress inflammation related to hyperglycemia are interlinked contribute the occurrence DKD. It was shown that sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, novel yet already widely used therapy, may prevent development DKD alter its natural progression. SGLT2 inhibitors induce systemic glomerular hemodynamic changes, provide metabolic advantages, reduce inflammatory oxidative pathways. In T2DM patients, regardless cardiovascular diseases, albuminuria, progression DKD, doubling serum creatinine levels, thus lowering need for replacement therapy by over 40%. The molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial effects extend beyond their glucose-lowering effects. emerging studies trying explain at genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic levels.

Язык: Английский

---