Mathematical Biosciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
371, С. 109178 - 109178
Опубликована: Март 13, 2024
Interactions
between
SARS-CoV-2
and
the
immune
system
during
infection
are
complex.
However,
understanding
within-host
dynamics
is
of
enormous
importance
for
clinical
public
health
outcomes.
Current
mathematical
models
focus
on
describing
acute
phase.
Thereby
they
ignore
important
long-term
post-acute
effects.
We
present
a
model,
which
not
only
describes
phase,
but
extends
current
approaches
by
also
recapitulating
clinically
observed
effects,
such
as
recovery
number
susceptible
epithelial
cells
to
an
initial
pre-infection
homeostatic
level,
permanent
full
clearance
within
individual,
waning,
formation
capacity
levels
after
infection.
Finally,
we
used
our
model
its
description
explore
reinfection
scenarios
differentiating
distinct
variant-specific
properties
reinfecting
virus.
Together,
model's
ability
describe
provides
more
realistic
key
outcomes
allows
application
in
scenarios.
PeerJ,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11, С. e15631 - e15631
Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2023
Concentrations
of
SARS-CoV-2
RNA
in
wastewater
settled
solids
from
publicly
owned
treatment
works
(POTWs)
historically
correlated
strongly
with
laboratory
confirmed
incident
COVID-19
case
data.
With
the
increased
availability
at-home
antigen
tests
since
late
2021
and
early
2022,
test
seeking
behavior
has
decreased.
In
United
States,
results
are
not
typically
reportable
to
public
health
agencies
thus
counted
reports.
As
a
result,
number
reported
laboratory-confirmed
cases
decreased
dramatically,
even
during
times
positivity
rates
concentrations
RNA.
Herein,
we
tested
whether
correlative
relationship
between
incidence
rate
changed
1
May
point
time
immediately
before
onset
BA.2/BA.5
surge,
first
surge
begin
after
was
high
region.
We
used
daily
data
three
POTWs
Greater
San
Francisco
Bay
Area
California,
USA
for
analysis.
found
that
although
there
is
significant
positive
association
measurements
collected
parameters
describing
different
than
those
prior
2022.
If
or
continues
change,
will
continue
change.
Our
suggest,
assuming
shedding
remains
relatively
stable
among
infected
virus
as
variants
emerge,
can
be
estimate
they
would
have
been
when
testing
were
at
(here,
2022)
using
historical
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Июль 26, 2023
Abstract
We
developed
a
novel
intranasal
SARS-CoV-2
subunit
vaccine
called
NARUVAX-C19/Nano
based
on
the
spike
protein
receptor-binding
domain
(RBD)
entrapped
in
mannose-conjugated
chitosan
nanoparticles
(NP).
A
toll-like
receptor
9
agonist,
CpG55.2,
was
also
added
as
an
adjuvant
to
see
if
this
would
potentiate
cellular
immune
response
NP
vaccine.
The
assessed
for
immunogenicity,
protective
efficacy,
and
ability
prevent
virus
transmission
from
vaccinated
animals
naive
cage-mates.
results
were
compared
with
RBD
mixed
alum
administered
intramuscularly.
BALB/c
mice
twice
intranasally
vaccines
exhibited
secretory
IgA
pronounced
Th1-cell
response,
not
seen
intramuscular
alum-adjuvanted
protected
Syrian
hamsters
against
wild-type
infection
challenge
indicated
by
significant
reductions
weight
loss,
lung
viral
load
pathology.
However,
despite
significantly
reduced
nasal
turbinates
oropharyngeal
swabs
NP-vaccinated
hamsters,
prevented
naïve
In
conclusion,
RBD-based
formulations
induced
mucosal
mediated
responses
but
transmission.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023
Abstract
The
impact
of
a
prior
SARS-CoV-2
infection
on
the
progression
subsequent
infections
has
been
unclear.
Using
convenience
sample
94,812
longitudinal
RT-qPCR
measurements
from
anterior
nares
and
oropharyngeal
swabs,
we
identified
71
individuals
with
two
well-sampled
between
March
11
th
,
2020,
July
28
2022.
We
compared
viral
kinetics
first
vs
.
second
in
this
group,
adjusting
for
variant,
vaccination
status,
age.
Relative
to
infections,
usually
featured
faster
clearance
time.
Furthermore,
person’s
relative
(rank-order)
time,
others
infected
same
was
roughly
conserved
across
so
that
who
had
relatively
fast
time
their
also
tended
have
(Spearman
correlation
coefficient:
0.30,
95%
credible
interval
(0.12,
0.46)).
These
findings
provide
evidence
that,
like
vaccination,
immunity
shortens
duration
acute
principally
by
reducing
Additionally,
there
appears
be
an
inherent
element
immune
response,
or
some
other
host
factor,
shapes
ability
clear
persists
sequential
infections.
Science Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(90)
Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2023
T
cells
are
critical
for
immune
protection
against
severe
COVID-19,
but
it
has
remained
unclear
whether
repeated
exposure
to
SARS-CoV-2
antigens
delivered
in
the
context
of
vaccination
fuels
cell
exhaustion
or
reshapes
functionality.
Here,
we
sampled
convalescent
donors
with
a
history
mild
COVID-19
before
and
after
profile
functional
spectrum
hybrid
immunity.
Using
combined
single-cell
technologies
high-dimensional
flow
cytometry,
found
that
frequencies
capabilities
spike-specific
CD4
Mathematical Biosciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
371, С. 109178 - 109178
Опубликована: Март 13, 2024
Interactions
between
SARS-CoV-2
and
the
immune
system
during
infection
are
complex.
However,
understanding
within-host
dynamics
is
of
enormous
importance
for
clinical
public
health
outcomes.
Current
mathematical
models
focus
on
describing
acute
phase.
Thereby
they
ignore
important
long-term
post-acute
effects.
We
present
a
model,
which
not
only
describes
phase,
but
extends
current
approaches
by
also
recapitulating
clinically
observed
effects,
such
as
recovery
number
susceptible
epithelial
cells
to
an
initial
pre-infection
homeostatic
level,
permanent
full
clearance
within
individual,
waning,
formation
capacity
levels
after
infection.
Finally,
we
used
our
model
its
description
explore
reinfection
scenarios
differentiating
distinct
variant-specific
properties
reinfecting
virus.
Together,
model's
ability
describe
provides
more
realistic
key
outcomes
allows
application
in
scenarios.
