SARS-CoV-2: pathogenesis, therapeutics, variants, and vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Xi Li, Ze Mi,

Zhenguo Liu

и другие.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December with staggering economic fallout and human suffering. The unique structure of SARS-CoV-2 its underlying pathogenic mechanism were responsible for the global pandemic. In addition to direct damage virus, triggers an abnormal immune response leading a cytokine storm, culminating distress other fatal diseases that pose significant challenge clinicians. Therefore, potential treatments should focus not only on eliminating virus but also alleviating or controlling immune/inflammatory responses. Current management strategies COVID-19 include preventative measures supportive care, while role host progression has largely been overlooked. Understanding interaction between receptors, as well pathogenesis, proven be helpful prevention, early recognition progression, vaccine development, interventions aimed at reducing immunopathology have shown reduce adverse clinical outcomes improve prognosis. Moreover, several key mutations genome sequence result enhanced binding affinity cell receptor, produce escape, either increased transmissibility virulence variants carry these mutations. This review characterizes structural features SARS-CoV-2, variants, their system, emphasizing dysfunctional responses storm progression. Additionally, therapeutic options are reviewed, providing critical insights into management, exploring effective approaches deal public health crises SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned DOI Open Access
Guangdi Li, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Richard J. Whitley

и другие.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(6), С. 449 - 475

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

411
SARS-CoV-2 biology and host interactions DOI
Silvio Steiner, Annika Kratzel, G. Tuba Barut

и другие.

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(4), С. 206 - 225

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

81
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in human coronary vessels DOI Creative Commons
Natalia Eberhardt, María G. Noval,

Ravneet Kaur

и другие.

Nature Cardiovascular Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(10), С. 899 - 916

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Abstract Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present increased risk for ischemic cardiovascular complications up to 1 year after infection. Although the systemic inflammatory response severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely contributes this risk, whether SARS-CoV-2 directly infects coronary vasculature and attendant atherosclerotic plaques remains unknown. Here we report that viral RNA is detectable replicates in lesions taken at autopsy from COVID-19 cases. targeted plaque macrophages exhibited a stronger tropism arterial than adjacent perivascular fat, correlating macrophage infiltration levels. entry was cholesterol-loaded primary dependent, part, on neuropilin-1. induced robust cultured human vascular explants secretion of cytokines known trigger events. Our data establish vessels, inducing inflammation could increase long-term risk.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

65
SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the “goldilocks” DOI Creative Commons
Benjamín L. Sievers, Mark T. K. Cheng,

Kata Csiba

и другие.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(2), С. 171 - 183

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Abstract An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection been focus intense research, role immune system received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge various means employs evade defense systems. We consider immunity in vaccines phenomenon long COVID.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

49
Chemically Modified Platforms for Better RNA Therapeutics DOI

Yesi Shi,

Xueyan Zhen,

Yiming Zhang

и другие.

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 124(3), С. 929 - 1033

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

RNA-based therapies have catalyzed a revolutionary transformation in the biomedical landscape, offering unprecedented potential disease prevention and treatment. However, despite their remarkable achievements, these encounter substantial challenges including low stability, susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, prominent negative charge, thereby hindering further development. Chemically modified platforms emerged as strategic innovation, focusing on precise alterations either RNA moieties or associated delivery vectors. This comprehensive review delves into platforms, underscoring significance augmenting performance translational prospects of therapeutics. It encompasses an in-depth analysis various chemically that been instrumental propelling therapeutics toward clinical utility. Moreover, scrutinizes rationale behind diverse chemical modification techniques aiming at optimizing therapeutic efficacy molecules, facilitating robust management. Recent empirical studies corroborating enhancement through modifications are highlighted. Conclusively, we offer profound insights transformative impact drugs delineates prospective trajectories for future development integration.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

46
Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections DOI Open Access
Antonella Gambadauro, Francesca Galletta, Alessandra Li Pomi

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(11), С. 6178 - 6178

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2024

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, high morbidity mortality in last decades. We reviewed human innate adaptive immune responses airways following infection, focusing a particular population: newborns pregnant women. recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, increase knowledge of infection mechanisms improve future defense strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

18
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Maxine A. Höft, Wendy A. Burgers, Catherine Riou

и другие.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(2), С. 184 - 196

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2023

Abstract This review examines the intersection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. People with (PWH) are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree immune suppression, reconstitution, viral control. While COVID-19 those well-controlled infection poses no greater risk than for HIV-uninfected individuals, people advanced disease more vulnerable to poor outcomes. vaccines effective well tolerated majority PWH, though reduced vaccine efficacy, breakthrough infections faster waning effectiveness have been demonstrated PWH. is likely result suboptimal humoral cellular responses after vaccination. may also experience prolonged give rise new epidemiologically significant variants, but initiation or resumption antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively clear persistent infection. guidelines reflect these increased risks recommend prioritization vaccination additional booster doses PWH who moderately severely immunocompromised. We continued research monitoring infection, especially areas high burden.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

35
How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease DOI Open Access
Areez Shafqat, Jibran Ahmad Khan,

Aghiad Yahya Alkachem

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(24), С. 17583 - 17583

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2023

Neutrophils are the most abundant of circulating immune cells and first to be recruited sites inflammation. a heterogeneous group from which derived extracellular traps (NETs), reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, alarmins that regulate recruitment phenotypes neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T B cells. In addition, cytokine-stimulated neutrophils can express class II major histocompatibility complex internal machinery necessary for successful antigen presentation memory CD4+ This may relevant in context vaccine memory. thus emerge as orchestrators responses play key role determining outcome infections, efficacy, chronic diseases like autoimmunity cancer. review aims provide synthesis current evidence regards these functions homeostasis disease.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

29
Innate immunity and interferon in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome DOI Creative Commons

Ram Savan,

Michael Gale

Immunity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(7), С. 1443 - 1450

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

25
Deubiquitinating activity of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease does not influence virus replication or innate immune responses in vivo DOI Creative Commons
Mariska van Huizen,

Jonna R. Bloeme - ter Horst,

Heidi L.M. De Gruyter

и другие.

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3), С. e1012100 - e1012100

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

The coronavirus papain-like protease (PLpro) is crucial for viral replicase polyprotein processing. Additionally, PLpro can subvert host defense mechanisms by its deubiquitinating (DUB) and deISGylating activities. To elucidate the role of these activities during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we introduced mutations that disrupt binding to ubiquitin or ISG15. We identified several strongly reduced DUB activity PLpro, without affecting In contrast, abrogated also hampered processing when into virus mutants were not viable. exhibiting elicited a stronger interferon response in human lung cells. mouse model severe disease, disruption did affect lethality, replication, innate immune responses lungs. This suggests dispensable replication does vivo . Interestingly, mutant SARS-CoV replicated slightly lower titers mice diminished early although lethality was unaffected. previously showed MERS-CoV deficient attenuated mice. Here, demonstrate infection vary considerably between highly pathogenic coronaviruses. Therefore, careful considerations should be taken developing pan-coronavirus antiviral strategies targeting PLpro.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

12