Behavioural interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation on social media

BMJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. e076542 - e076542

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

### Key messages Vaccine misinformation on social media has strong effects behaviour, and the evidence base for interventions to reduce these is limited, but better approaches generation are possible, say Kai Ruggeri colleagues Effective population level vaccination campaigns fundamental public health.123 Counter campaigns, which as old first vaccines,4 disrupt uptake can threaten health globally.4 In 2019, researchers linked increases in measles cases with proliferation of global anti-vaccine campaigns.5 Some originated offline were later amplified expedited through media, resulting real world harms.6 Though crises genuine safety concerns also lower vaccine uptake,78 return after aggressive prompted World Health Organisation list hesitancy among greatest threats (box 1).14 Box 1 Here, we use term “vaccine hesitancy” originally defined by WHO9: a “delay acceptance or refusal despite availability services.” This definition, plus expanded description variation based time, place, population, gives broad understanding allows us distinguish behaviour from underpinning psychological, environmental, structural aspects influencing behaviour. definition most commonly used literature pre-dating covid-19. there debates about appropriate … RETURN TO TEXT

Язык: Английский

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Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents, 1990–2021: challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities

World Journal of Pediatrics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(10), С. 1003 - 1016

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Effects of Climate Action Interventions along Cultural Individualism-Collectivism

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

As the climate crisis demands global engagement, it is crucial to understand how interventions influence individuals across cultural backgrounds. Are more effective when aligned with values of a target population? To investigate, we evaluated eleven behavioral aimed at stimulating change mitigation, along individualism and collectivism orientations, in large sample (N=59,440) spanning 63 countries. At baseline, found individualistic nation, less its residents believed change, supported mitigation policy, intended share information, but did not plant fewer trees an online task. Critically, while some were (decreasing psychological distance), collectivistic nations (emphasizing social norms), others both (writing letter future generation). These results reveal that significant barrier efficacy hinges on contexts.

Язык: Английский

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Introduction to behavioral science and its practical applications in public health

Medwave, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(01), С. e3017 - e3017

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the importance of improving design public health interventions and policies by applying principles from behavioral sciences. These sciences play a crucial role in modifying behaviors addressing wide range challenges, pandemics chronic diseases to climate crisis. This article examines transformative impact on promotion, focusing factors that influence decision-making intervention strategies based six developed WHO Technical Advisory Group. Additionally, it addresses significant shortage Spanish-language literature this topic, reviewing contributions influential scientists key theoretical models. WHO’s recommendations for effective implementation these are also discussed. work not only fills critical gap but provides practical tools improve Spanish-speaking countries.

Язык: Английский

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Field testing the transferability of behavioural science knowledge on promoting vaccinations

Nature Human Behaviour, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(5), С. 878 - 890

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

As behavioural science is increasingly adopted by organizations, there a growing need to assess the robustness and transferability of empirical findings. Here, we investigate insights from various sources knowledge field settings. Across three pre-registered randomized controlled trials (RCTs, N = 314,824) involving critical policy domain-COVID-19 booster uptake-we tested text-based interventions that either increased vaccinations in prior work (RCT1, NCT05586204), elevated vaccination intentions an online study (RCT2, NCT05586178) or were favoured scientists non-experts (RCT3, NCT05586165). Despite repeated exposure COVID-19 messaging our population, reminders psychological ownership language uptake, replicating However, strategies deemed effective prediction intention surveys, such as encouraging bundling boosters flu shots addressing misconceptions, yielded no detectable benefits over simple reminders. These findings underscore importance testing interventions' real-world

Язык: Английский

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Cultural Defaults in the Time of COVID: Lessons for the Future

Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 41 - 91

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Five years after the beginning of COVID pandemic, one thing is clear: The East Asian countries Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea outperformed United States in responding to controlling outbreak deadly virus. Although multiple factors likely contributed this disparity, we propose that culturally linked psychological defaults (“cultural defaults”) pervade these contexts also played a role. Cultural are commonsense, rational, taken-for-granted ways thinking, feeling, acting. In States, cultural include optimism uniqueness, single cause, high arousal, influence control, personal choice self-regulation, promotion. Korea, realism similarity, causes, low waiting adjusting, social regulation, prevention. article, (a) synthesize decades empirical research supporting unmarked defaults; (b) illustrate how they were evident announcements speeches high-level government organizational decision makers as addressed existential questions posed by including “Will it happen me/us?” “What happening?” should I/we do?” “How live now?”; (c) show similarities between different national responses pandemic. goal integrate some voluminous literature psychology on variation Asia particularly relevant pandemic emphasize crucial practical significance meaning-making behavior during crisis. We provide guidelines for might take into account design policies address current future novel complex threats, pandemics, emerging technologies, climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing evidence based on scale can be a useful predictor of policy outcomes

Policy Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The missing link: Theory in social psychology as key contribution to transdisciplinary research

European Review of Social Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 30

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Widespread, bipartisan aversion exists to neighbors owning AR-15s or storing guns insecurely

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(16)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Over 45,000 gun deaths occur annually in the United States, a country with more than 100 million owners and 350 guns. Nevertheless, passing legislation to reduce violence is difficult because issue intensely polarized. Polls asking about general policies (e.g., AR-15 restrictions) demonstrate that, at least abstract, Americans disagree vehemently whether civilians should be able keep bear arms. It possible, however, that hidden consensus exists America, which has thus far escaped attention-specifically, when focus on their immediate environments daily lives, even traditionally pro-gun groups may exhibit aversion certain types of ownership storage practices. To test this, we conducted two preregistered survey experiments large national sample. The first was conjoint analysis where respondents chose between neighbors (n = 33,596 choices) who randomly varied seven attributes, including (none, pistol, AR-15). No group respondents, not Republicans), exhibited significant preference for living near owners, every averse AR-15-owning neighbors. second experiment, per debates safe-storage laws, picture-based factorial vignette randomized neighbor's practices 2,098). Every interacting neighbor stored guns outside locked safe. Our findings there widespread agreement are undesirable communities.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Real-time Pandemic Forecasting Using Large Language Models: A COVID-19 Case Study

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Forecasting the short-term spread of an ongoing disease outbreak is a formidable challenge due to complexity contributing factors, some which can be characterized through interlinked, multi-modality variables such as epidemiological time series data, viral biology, population demographics, and intersection public policy human behavior. Existing forecasting model frameworks struggle with multifaceted nature relevant data robust results translation, hinders their performances provision actionable insights for health decision-makers. Our work introduces PandemicLLM, novel framework multi-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) that reformulates real-time text reasoning problem, ability incorporate real-time, complex, non-numerical information -- textual policies genomic surveillance previously unattainable in traditional models. This approach, unique AI-human cooperative prompt design representation learning, encodes LLMs. By redefining process ordinal classification task, PandemicLLM yields more trustworthy predictions, facilitating decision-making. The applied COVID-19 pandemic, trained utilize policies, surveillance, spatial, subsequently tested across all 50 states U.S. duration 16 weeks. Empirically, shown high-performing pandemic effectively captures impact emerging variants provide timely accurate predictions. proposed opens avenues incorporating various pandemic-related heterogeneous formats exhibits performance benefits over existing study illuminates potential adapting LLMs learning enhance forecasting, illustrating how AI innovations strengthen responses crisis management future.

Язык: Английский

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