Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(1), С. 55 - 71

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(2), С. 243 - 278

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71(5), С. 1020 - 1032

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Язык: Английский

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Mucus barrier, mucins and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 69(12), С. 2232 - 2243

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2020

The gastrointestinal tract is often considered as a key organ involved in the digestion of food and providing nutrients to body for proper maintenance. However, this system composed organs that are extremely complex. Among different parts, intestine viewed an incredible surface contact with environment colonised by hundreds trillions gut microbes. role barrier has been studied decades, but exact mechanisms protection various complementary. them, integrity mucus one first lines tract. In past, 'slimy' partner was mostly simple lubricant facilitating progression bolus stools gut. Since then, researchers have made important progress, currently, regulation gaining increasing attention from scientific community. factors influencing barrier, microbiome plays major driving changes. Additionally, our dietary habits (ie, high-fat diet, low-fibre/high-fibre additives, pre- probiotics) influence at levels. Given layer linked appearance diseases, knowledge highly warranted. Here, we debate aspects focusing on its chemical composition, synthesis degradation microbiota well some characteristics both physiological pathological situations.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1613 - 1613

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders

Gut, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 70(6), С. 1174 - 1182

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020

Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is crucial actor that can interact with the host by production of diverse reservoir metabolites, from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous compounds. are associated alterations in composition and function microbiota. Specific classes microbiota-derived notably bile acids, short-chain fatty branched-chain amino trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan indole derivatives, have been implicated pathogenesis metabolic disorders. This review aims define key metabolites altered diseases role pathogenesis. They potential biomarkers for early diagnosis prognosis as well promising targets development novel therapeutic tools

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(5), С. 279 - 297

Опубликована: Март 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 127(4), С. 553 - 570

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2020

Fecal microbial community changes are associated with numerous disease states, including cardiovascular (CVD). However, such data merely associative. A causal contribution for gut microbiota in CVD has been further supported by a multitude of more direct experimental evidence. Indeed, transplantation studies, specific microbiota-dependent pathways, and downstream metabolites have all shown to influence host metabolism CVD, sometimes through identified receptors. Multiple metaorganismal pathways (involving both microbe host) impact animal models show striking clinical associations human studies. For example, trimethylamine N-oxide and, recently, phenylacetylglutamine whose blood levels incident risks large-scale Importantly, link these other metabolites/pathways mechanistic model Phenylacetylglutamine, was recently promote adverse phenotypes the via interaction multiple ARs (adrenergic receptors)-a class key receptors that regulate homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances microbiome research related cardiometabolic helped move field forward from associative causative results. We focus on compounds/pathways, attention paid short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile N-oxide, phenylacetylglutamine. also discuss novel therapeutic strategies directly targeting improve outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(10), С. 625 - 637

Опубликована: Май 31, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 129(10), С. 4050 - 4057

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2019

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these have been established for over 40 years, the definition MetS warrants reconsideration in light substantial data that emerged from studies gut microbiome. In this Review we present existing recent literature supports microbiome's potential influence on various MetS. interplay intestinal microbiota with host metabolism has shown be mediated by myriad factors, including defective barrier, bile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, pleiotropic effects microbially produced metabolites. These show events start gut, response external cues diet circadian disruption, far-reaching beyond gut.

Язык: Английский

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