Next-generation treatments: Immunotherapy and advanced therapies for COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Jenny Andrea Arévalo-Romero,

Sandra M. Chingaté-López,

Bernardo Camacho

и другие.

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(5), С. e26423 - e26423

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS recent decades, underscoring their high potential infectivity humans. Insights from previous have played a significant role developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact SARS-CoV-2. As January 7, 2024, there been 774,075,242 confirmed cases worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses administered, 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/)Despite progress addressing rapid evolution SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing challenges. emergence new lineages, shaped mutation recombination processes, has led successive waves infections. This scenario reveals need for next-generation vaccines as crucial requirement ensuring protection against demand calls formulations that trigger robust adaptive immune response without leading inflammation linked with infection.Key mutations detected Spike protein, critical target neutralizing antibodies design —specifically within Receptor Binding Domain region Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, intensified concerns due association immunity evasion vaccinations infections.As world deals this evolving threat, narrative extends realm emerging variants, each displaying implications remain largely misunderstood. Notably, JN.1 lineage is gaining prevalence, early findings suggest it stands among immune-evading characteristic attributed its L455S. Moreover, detrimental consequences novel bear particularly on immunocompromised individuals older adults. Immunocompromised face such suboptimal responses vaccines, rendering them more susceptible disease. Similarly, adults an increased risk disease presence comorbid conditions, find themselves at heightened vulnerability develop Thus, recognizing these intricate factors effectively tailoring public health protect vulnerable populations. In context, review aims describe, analyze, discuss current treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches advanced therapies complements will offer solutions counter disadvantages existing options. Preliminary outcomes show virus address immunomodulatory associated COVID-19. Furthermore, capacity promote tissue repair demonstrated, which can be noteworthy who stand actors landscape possess broader potential, offering wide range variants enhancing ability constant virus. are projected treatment alternatives managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand long-term complications.

Язык: Английский

Omicron BA.4/BA.5 escape neutralizing immunity elicited by BA.1 infection DOI Creative Commons
Khadija Khan, Farina Karim, Yashica Ganga

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineages, first detected in South Africa, have changes relative to BA.1 including substitutions the spike receptor binding domain. Here we isolated live viruses measured BA.4/BA.5 neutralization elicited by infection either absence or presence of previous vaccination as well from without infection. In BA.1-infected unvaccinated individuals, declines 7.6-fold for 7.5-fold BA.5. vaccinated individuals with subsequent infection, decreases 3.2-fold 2.6-fold The fold-drop versus ancestral virus this group is 4.0-fold BA.1, 12.9-fold BA.4, 10.3-fold contrast, escape similar immunity: 19.8-fold 19.6-fold 20.9-fold These results show considerable immunity which moderated may indicate that strongest selective advantage evading unvaccinated, infected individuals.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

158
Enhanced evasion of neutralizing antibody response by Omicron XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants DOI Creative Commons
Panke Qu, Julia N. Faraone, John P. Evans

и другие.

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(5), С. 112443 - 112443

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses mRNA vaccine or BA.4/5 wave infection, but neutralization is rescued a BA.5-containing bivalent booster. CH.1.1 show strong immune monoclonal antibody S309. Additionally, spike proteins exhibit increased fusogenicity enhanced processing compared with BA.2. Homology modeling reveals key roles G252V F486P in resistance also enhancing receptor binding. Further, K444T/M L452R likely drive class II antibodies, whereas R346T G339H mutations could confer these two to S309-like antibodies. Overall, our results support need for administration continued surveillance subvariants.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

152
Immune evasion, infectivity, and fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and FLip variants DOI Creative Commons
Panke Qu, Kai Xu, Julia N. Faraone

и другие.

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(3), С. 585 - 595.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-derived variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 sera from 3-dose-vaccinated bivalent-vaccinated healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave-infected first responders, monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed biology spikes measuring viral infectivity membrane fusogenicity. is less immune evasive compared to other XBB variants, consistent with antigenic distances. Importantly, distinct mAb S309 was unable neutralize BA.2.86, likely due a D339H mutation based on modeling. had relatively high fusogenicity in CaLu-3 cells but low fusion 293T-ACE2 some suggesting potentially different conformational stability spike. Overall, our study underscores importance surveillance need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

105
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir): A new approach to Covid-19 therapy? DOI Open Access
Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian, Amirhossein Sheida, Mohammad Taghizadieh

и другие.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 162, С. 114367 - 114367

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Despite the need for novel, effective therapeutics COVID-19 pandemic, no curative regimen is yet available, therefore patients are forced to rely on supportive and nonspecific therapies. Some SARS-CoV-2 proteins, like 3 C-like protease (3CLpro) or major (Mpro), have been identified as promising targets antiviral drugs. The Mpro has a role in protein processing well pathogenesis of virus, could be useful therapeutic target. drug nirmatrelvir can keep from replicating through inhibiting Mpro. Nirmatrelvir was combined with another HIV inhibitor, ritonavir, create Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir). metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 A inhibited by ritonavir lengthen half-life nirmatrelvir, so rintonavir acts pharmacological enhancer. exhibits potent activity against current coronavirus variants, despite significant alterations viral genome. Nevertheless, there still several unanswered questions. This review summarizes literature efficacy treating infection, also their safety possible side effects.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

96
Outbreak.info Research Library: a standardized, searchable platform to discover and explore COVID-19 resources DOI Open Access
Ginger Tsueng, Julia L. Mullen, Manar Alkuzweny

и другие.

Nature Methods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(4), С. 536 - 540

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

55
Population immunity predicts evolutionary trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Matthijs Meijers, Denis Ruchnewitz,

Jan Eberhardt

и другие.

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(23), С. 5151 - 5164.e13

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2023

The large-scale evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been marked by rapid turnover genetic clades. New variants show intrinsic changes, notably increased transmissibility, and antigenic changes that reduce cross-immunity induced previous infections or vaccinations. How this functional variation shapes global remained unclear. Here, we establish a predictive fitness model for integrates selection. is informed tracking time-resolved sequence data, epidemiological records, cross-neutralization data viral variants. Our inference shows immune pressure, including contributions vaccinations infections, become dominant force driving recent SARS-CoV-2. can serve continued surveillance in two ways. First, it successfully predicts short-term circulating strains flags emerging likely to displace previously predominant variant. Second, profiles successful escape prior their emergence.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

50
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States DOI Creative Commons
Aijing Feng, Sarah N. Bevins,

Jeff Chandler

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) poses unique public health risk due the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples across Washington, D.C. 26 states in United States November 2021 April 2022. obtained 391 sequences identified 34 Pango lineages including Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these viruses originated at least 109 independent spillovers humans, which resulted 39 cases subsequent local deer-to-deer three spillover back humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted recurring amino acid substitutions spike other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple were introduced, became enzootic, co-circulated deer.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

49
SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity: the good, the bad, and the “goldilocks” DOI Creative Commons
Benjamín L. Sievers, Mark T. K. Cheng,

Kata Csiba

и другие.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(2), С. 171 - 183

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Abstract An ancient conflict between hosts and pathogens has driven the innate adaptive arms of immunity. Knowledge about this interplay can not only help us identify biological mechanisms but also reveal pathogen vulnerabilities that be leveraged therapeutically. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection been focus intense research, role immune system received significantly less attention. Here, we review current knowledge various means employs evade defense systems. We consider immunity in vaccines phenomenon long COVID.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

49
Immune Evasion, Infectivity, and Fusogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and FLip Variants DOI
Panke Qu, Kai Xu, Julia N. Faraone

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment current vaccine measures. Here, we characterized BA.2.86 and XBB-lineage variant FLip by investigating their neutralization alongside D614G, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1 sera from 3-dose vaccinated bivalent healthcare workers, XBB.1.5-wave infected first responders, monoclonal antibody (mAb) S309. We assessed biology Spikes measuring viral infectivity membrane fusogenicity. is less immune evasive compared to other XBB variants, consistent with antigenic distances. Importantly, distinct mAb S309 was unable neutralize BA.2.86, likely due a D339H mutation based on modeling. had relatively high fusogenicity in CaLu-3 cells but low fusion 293T-ACE2 some suggesting potentially differences conformational stability Spike. Overall, our study underscores importance surveillance need for updated COVID-19 vaccines.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

46
Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer DOI Creative Commons
Dillon S. McBride, Sofya K. Garushyants,

John Franks

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2023

Abstract The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic virus highlights need to fill vast gaps in our knowledge SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution non-human hosts. Here, we detected that was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2–8 months, disseminating across hundreds kilometers. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how is not only three-times faster compared rate observed but also driven by different mutational biases selection pressures. long-term effect this accelerated evolutionary remains be seen as no critical phenotypic changes were animal models using viruses. Still, has transmitted populations a relatively short duration, risk future may have serious consequences livestock.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

44