Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Fear
generalization
plays
a
major
role
in
the
acquisition
and
maintenance
of
anxiety
disorders.
In
fear
generalization,
conditioned
responses
are
observed
for
novel
stimuli
sharing
perceptually
or
conceptually
similar
properties
with
stimulus
(CS).
The
reinforcement
rates
unconditioned
(UCS)
impact
generalization.
can
be
studied
using
category-based
conditioning
paradigm,
where
individuals
to
members
category
rather
than
single
stimulus.
current
study
explored
effect
UCS
(i.e.,
continuous
partial)
on
conceptual
due
similarity
visual
aversive
UCS.
CSs
were
exemplars
from
four
categories,
i.e.,
animals,
insects,
household
appliances,
tools.
Thirty
healthy
participants
underwent
presented
varying
levels
(100%,
62.5%,
37.5%).
Subsequently,
was
tested
unreinforced
each
category.
A
significant
expectancy
CS-UCS
contingency
ratings
observed.
increased
increasing
certainty
occurrence
phase.
Our
results
may
help
understand
how
generalizes
related
based
occurrence.
International Journal of Psychophysiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
177, С. 67 - 75
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022
Despite
being
considered
a
valid
model
for
the
etiology
of
anxiety
disorders,
fear
conditioning
paradigm
does
not
always
show
clear
correlations
with
anxious
personality
traits
that
constitute
risk
factors
development
disorders.
This
may
in
part
due
to
error
variance
and
fact
studies
are
typically
underpowered
investigate
inter-individual
differences.
In
current
study,
we
focus
on
relationship
between
conditioned
acquisition
Intolerance
Uncertainty
(IU).
re-analysis
large
previous
study
(N
=
120),
which
was
conducted
using
healthy
student
sample
partial
reinforcement
procedure
(75%)
words
as
Conditioned
Stimuli
(CSs),
IU
several
outcome
measures
(i.e.,
ratings,
expectancy
skin
conductance
responses,
startle
responses)
during
examined.
We
find
is
positively
related
ratings
towards
CS+
(r
0.29),
even
when
controlling
shared
trait
anxiety.
Furthermore,
subtle
responses
CS-
-0.23),
though
this
correlation
did
survive
correction
Taken
together,
replicate
some
previously
reported
literature.
However,
recommend
future
employ
larger
samples
more
advanced
statistical
techniques
such
structural
equation
modelling
indices
fine-grained
manner.
Journal of Anxiety Disorders,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
103, С. 102847 - 102847
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
Safety
behaviors
are
often
maladaptive
in
clinical
anxiety
as
they
typically
persist
without
realistic
threat
and
cause
various
impairments.
In
the
laboratory,
safety
modelled
by
responses
to
a
conditioned
stimulus
(CS)
that
reduce
occurrence
of
an
expected
aversive
unconditioned
(US).
Preliminary
evidence
suggests
US
devaluation,
procedure
decreases
aversiveness,
devalues
value
CS
thus
diminishes
CS.
This
study
(n
=
78)
aimed
extend
this
finding
examined
whether
US-devaluation
can
generalization
stimuli.
After
acquiring
CSs
different
categories,
predicted
one
category
was
devalued.
test,
participants
showed
selective
reduction
novel
stimuli
devalued
category,
reflecting
decrease
behaviors.
Trait
associated
with
persistent
generalized
category.
We
discuss
how
devaluation
may
improve
treatment
outcome
but
also
challenges
translation.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
44(32), С. e1868232024 - e1868232024
Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024
Neuroticism/negative
emotionality
(N/NE)-the
tendency
to
experience
anxiety,
fear,
and
other
negative
emotions-is
a
fundamental
dimension
of
temperament
with
profound
consequences
for
health,
wealth,
well-being.
Elevated
N/NE
is
associated
panoply
adverse
outcomes,
from
reduced
socioeconomic
attainment
psychiatric
illness.
Animal
research
suggests
that
reflects
heightened
reactivity
uncertain
threat
in
the
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BST)
central
amygdala
(Ce),
but
relevance
these
discoveries
humans
has
remained
unclear.
Here
we
used
novel
combination
psychometric,
psychophysiological,
neuroimaging
approaches
test
this
hypothesis
an
ethnoracially
diverse,
sex-balanced
sample
220
emerging
adults
selectively
recruited
encompass
broad
spectrum
N/NE.
Cross-validated
robust-regression
analyses
demonstrated
preferentially
BST
activation
during
anticipation
genuinely
distressing
(aversive
multimodal
stimulation),
whereas
was
unrelated
certain-threat
anticipation,
Ce
either
type
or
BST/Ce
threat-related
faces.
It
often
assumed
different
paradigms
are
interchangeable
assays
individual
differences
brain
function,
yet
rarely
been
tested.
Our
results
revealed
negligible
associations
between
presentation
faces,
indicating
two
tasks
nonfungible.
These
observations
provide
framework
conceptualizing
emotional
traits
disorders;
guiding
design
interpretation
biobank
studies
risk,
disease,
treatment;
refining
mechanistic
research.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
Fear
generalization
plays
a
major
role
in
the
acquisition
and
maintenance
of
anxiety
disorders.
In
fear
generalization,
conditioned
responses
are
observed
for
novel
stimuli
sharing
perceptually
or
conceptually
similar
properties
with
stimulus
(CS).
The
reinforcement
rates
unconditioned
(UCS)
impact
generalization.
can
be
studied
using
category-based
conditioning
paradigm,
where
individuals
to
members
category
rather
than
single
stimulus.
current
study
explored
effect
UCS
(i.e.,
continuous
partial)
on
conceptual
due
similarity
visual
aversive
UCS.
CSs
were
exemplars
from
four
categories,
i.e.,
animals,
insects,
household
appliances,
tools.
Thirty
healthy
participants
underwent
presented
varying
levels
(100%,
62.5%,
37.5%).
Subsequently,
was
tested
unreinforced
each
category.
A
significant
expectancy
CS-UCS
contingency
ratings
observed.
increased
increasing
certainty
occurrence
phase.
Our
results
may
help
understand
how
generalizes
related
based
occurrence.
