A Systematic Review of the Sex and Gender Reporting in COVID-19 Clinical Trials

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(11), С. 1322 - 1322

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Sex and gender have implications for COVID-19 vaccine efficacy adverse effects from the vaccine. As vaccination is one of key responses to pandemic, it vital that sex differences be acknowledged, measured, analysed in clinical research. Here, we systematically review published trials, both interventional observational, assess quality reporting gender. Of 75 trials on vaccines included this review, only 24% presented their main outcome data disaggregated by sex, 13% any discussion study women men. Considering events after vaccination, gendered aspects hesitancy, these oversights research recovery pandemic wider public health.

Язык: Английский

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Renin-Angiotensin System and Sex Differences in COVID-19: A Critical Assessment

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(10), С. 1320 - 1337

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

The current epidemic of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in an immense health burden that became the third leading cause death and potentially contributed to a decline life expectancy United States. severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 binds surface-bound peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, EC 3.4.17.23) tissue infection viral replication. ACE2 is important enzymatic component renin-angiotensin system (RAS) expressed lung other organs. regulates levels peptide hormones Ang II Ang-(1–7), which have distinct opposing actions one another, as well cardiovascular peptides. A potential consequence reduced activity by internalization viral-ACE2 complex subsequent activation RAS (higher ratio II:Ang-[1–7]) may exacerbate inflammatory events COVID-19 patients possibly contribute effects long COVID-19. Moreover, present with array autoantibodies various components including II, ACE2, AT 1 Mas receptors. Greater severity also evident male patients, reflect underlying sex differences regulation functional arms RAS. review provides critical evaluation evidence for activated subjects whether this contributes greater males compared females.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of comorbidities on the serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in a Taiwanese cohort

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Abstract Background/Aims Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the best policies to control COVID-19 pandemic. The serological response vaccination in Taiwanese patients with different comorbidities elusive. Methods Uninfected subjects who received 3 doses mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech, BNT] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]), viral vector-based (ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222, AZ) or protein subunit (Medigen vaccine) were prospectively enrolled. SARS-CoV-2-IgG spike antibody level was determined within three months after 3rd dose vaccination. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) applied determine association between vaccine titers underlying comorbidities. Results A total 824 enrolled current study. proportions CCI scores 0–1, 2–3 > 4 52.8% (n = 435), 31.3% 258) 15.9% 131), respectively. most commonly used combination AZ–AZ–Moderna (39.2%), followed by Moderna–Moderna–Moderna (27.8%). mean titer 3.11 log BAU/mL a median 48 days dose. Factors associated potentially effective neutralization capacity (IgG ≥ 4160 AU/mL) included age 60 years (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50/0.34–0.72, P < 0.001), female sex (OR/CI: 1.85/1.30–2.63, Moderna–Moderna-based (compared AZ–AZ-based vaccination, OR/CI: 6.49/3.90–10.83, BNT–BNT-based 7.91/1.82–34.3, 0.006) score 0.53/0.34–0.82, 0.004). There decreasing trend increasing (trend 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that higher (β: − 0.083; 95% CI: 0.094–0.011, 0.014) independently correlated low IgG levels. Conclusions Subjects more had poor

Язык: Английский

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The Immune, Inflammatory and Hematological Response in COVID-19 Patients, According to the Severity of the Disease

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 319 - 319

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients by dosing specific IgM IgG total antibodies interleukin 6, correlating them with hematological biochemical blood parameters comparing form disease.One hundred twenty-five polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized between 15.03.2020 1.07.2020 Clinical Hospital Infectious Diseases "Sf. Parascheva" Iaşi, were tested chemiluminescence for presence anti-SARS-CoV-2 IL-6 serum. results correlated CBC count serum detected on admission day. presented different forms disease (asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, critical) according World Health Organization (WHO) criteria clinical management COVID-19.The amplitude response directly disease. In asymptomatic/mild patients, CRP concentrations significantly higher eosinophil lower compared reference interval. moderate form, IL-6, CRP, higher, interval, while eGFR lower. severe/critical NLR, PLR, glucose, AST, urea, creatinine, boosted all a major increase severe critical patients. neutrophil count, % neutrophils, urea increased severity SARS-CoV-2 infection, lymphocyte lymphocytes, eosinophils, hemoglobin decreased moment appearance depended generally occurred first 14 days illness, appeared beginning second week titer rapidly until fourth slowly after 4 weeks. amplitudes serological markers increasing somewhat even more ones. are able predict risk COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on the Female Reproductive System: A Narrative Review

Balkan Medical Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 40(3), С. 153 - 164

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023

Several studies and research papers have been published to elucidate understand the mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic its long-term effects on human body. COVID-19 affects a number organs, including female reproductive system. However, less attention has given system due their low morbidity. The results investigating relationship between infection ovarian function in women age shown harmless involvement infection. reported oocyte quality, function, dysfunctions uterine endometrium menstrual cycle. findings these indicate that negatively follicular microenvironment dysregulate function. Although health studied humans animals, very few examined how objective this review is summarize current literature categorize system, ovaries, uterus, hormonal profiles. maturation, oxidative stress, which causes chromosomal instability apoptosis vitro fertilization cycle, high-quality embryos, premature insufficiency, vein thrombosis, hypercoagulable state, women’s hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, sex hormones, estrogen, progesterone, anti-Müllerian hormone, are discussed particular.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms of star anise against COVID‐19 using network pharmacology and molecular docking

Food Safety and Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has exhibited promising preventive and therapeutic attributes against COVID‐19. This study aims to investigate the active constituents within star anise elucidate their mechanisms in combatting COVID‐19, employing a combination of GC‐MS analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques. Various extraction methods were employed obtain compounds, which subsequently subjected analysis. A comprehensive COVID‐19‐related genomic was established through Swiss Target Prediction disease‐gene databases. Network pharmacology analysis unveiled significant prominence common core targets, namely TLR4, PTGS2, RELA, ESR1. Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that may exert its effects COVID‐19 by modulating immune responses, apoptosis, viral infections. Molecular investigations provided compelling evidence substantial interactions between compounds found key target proteins. In summary, this work potential offer new avenues theoretical foundation for more in‐depth understanding multicomponents, multitarget, multipathway properties preventing

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Biological Sex in Pre-Clinical (Mouse) mRNA Vaccine Studies

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3), С. 282 - 282

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

In this study, we consider the influence of biological sex-specific immune responses on assessment mRNA vaccines in pre-clinical murine studies. Recognising established disparities function attributed to genetic and hormonal differences between individuals different sexes, compared expression mice both sexes after intramuscular injection with incorporated within lipid nanoparticles. Regarding expression, no significant difference protein (luciferase) at site was observed female male following administration; however, found that BALB/c exhibit significantly greater total IgG across concentration range nanoparticles (LNPs) comparison their counterparts. This study not only contributes scientific understanding vaccine evaluation but also emphasizes importance considering sex designs during

Язык: Английский

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Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

The present review explores the role of endogenous hormones, such as cortisol, melatonin, thyroid sex and insulin, in modulation immune response to a human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection. hMPV is respiratory pathogen responsible for severe infections, particularly vulnerable populations like children elderly. virus triggers inflammatory responses through various molecular processes, including cytokine production signaling pathways. Notably, these processes can be influenced by endocrine factors, hormones. Cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, modulates inflammation but may contribute immunosuppression. Melatonin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, reducing lung inflammation. Thyroid hormones regulate via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) JAK/STAT pathways, while hypothyroidism alter infection severity. Sex estrogens, enhance antiviral immunity, whereas androgens have variable effects on modulation. Insulin influences NF-κB suppression, with insulin resistance potentially worsening viral pathogenesis. Therapeutic implications suggest that modulating hormonal pathways could aid management. Strategies hormone therapy, glucocorticoid regulation, nanoparticle-based drug delivery are potential routes intervention. aim understand complex interplay between system during an describing mechanisms associated processes.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal analysis of cytokine dynamics in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients—High-incidence regions of China (2010–2023)

Biosafety and Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to reveal the potential mechanism of hesperetin on COPD

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Abstract Hesperetin (HE), a natural flavonoid exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds significant potential in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we aim explore role mechanism of HE COPD using network pharmacology, molecular docking experimental validation. We screened for COPD-related targets from public databases, then imported into STRING database establish protein–protein interaction network. Gene ontology (GO) Kyoto encyclopedia genes genomes enrichment analysis were performed obtain key signaling pathways. predicted binding interactions between core docking. The animal model was established through lipopolysaccharide cigarette smoke induction mice observe lung function, inflammatory factors, pathology, expression related proteins. Network pharmacology findings unveiled that shared 105 common targets. MAPKs NF-κB pathways selected further experiment, enhanced function histopathological morphology, while reducing inflammation levels. results Western blot tests indicated treatment considerably inhibited NF-κB. effectively reduced improved mice. This may achieved by inhibition

Язык: Английский

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