Diabetes mellitus—Progress and opportunities in the evolving epidemic

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(15), С. 3789 - 3820

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Multi-Omics Integration for Personalized Healthcare

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 1496 - 1496

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024

The field of multi-omics has witnessed unprecedented growth, converging multiple scientific disciplines and technological advances. This surge is evidenced by a more than doubling in publications within just two years (2022-2023) since its first referenced mention 2002, as indexed the National Library Medicine. emerging demonstrated capability to provide comprehensive insights into complex biological systems, representing transformative force health diagnostics therapeutic strategies. However, several challenges are evident when merging varied omics data sets methodologies, interpreting vast dimensions, streamlining longitudinal sampling analysis, addressing ethical implications managing sensitive information. review evaluates these while spotlighting pivotal milestones: development targeted methods, use artificial intelligence formulating indices, integration sophisticated

Язык: Английский

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Inflammation and the pathological progression of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with low circulating choline levels

Acta Neuropathologica, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 146(4), С. 565 - 583

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Deficiency of dietary choline, an essential nutrient, is observed worldwide, with ~ 90% Americans being deficient. Previous work highlights a relationship between decreased choline intake and increased risk for cognitive decline Alzheimer's disease (AD). The associations blood circulating the pathological progression in both mild impairment (MCI) AD remain unknown. Here, we examined these cohort patients MCI presence either sparse or high neuritic plaque density Braak stage second moderate (moderate to frequent plaques, = IV) severe (frequent VI), compared age-matched controls. Metabolomic analysis was performed on serum from cohort. We then assessed effects deficiency (Ch-) 3xTg-AD mice supplementation (Ch+) APP/PS1 mice, two rodent models AD. levels were reduced while pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα elevated pathology cases. Reduced correlated higher stage. In patients, found reductions its derivative acetylcholine (ACh), TNFα. Choline ACh negatively load, stage, TNFα, but positively MMSE, brain weight. Metabolites L-Valine, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic, Methylmalonic, Ferulic acids significantly associated circuiting levels. Ch- diet amyloid-β tau phosphorylation cortical tissue, paralleling human-AD profile. Conversely, Ch+ reducing brains mice. Collectively, low AD-neuropathological progression, illustrating importance adequate offset disease.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiome (GM) modulates body weight/composition and gastrointestinal functioning; therefore, approaches targeting resident microbes have attracted considerable interest. Intermittent fasting (IF) protein pacing (P) regimens are effective in facilitating weight loss (WL) enhancing composition. However, the interrelationships between IF- P-induced WL GM unknown. current randomized controlled study describes distinct fecal microbial plasma metabolomic signatures combined IF-P ( n = 21) versus a heart-healthy, calorie-restricted (CR, 20) diet matched for overall energy intake free-living human participants (women 27; men 14) with overweight/obesity 8 weeks. Gut symptomatology improves abundance of Christensenellaceae circulating cytokines amino acid metabolites favoring fat oxidation increase (p < 0.05), whereas associated longevity-related metabolic pathway CR 0.05). Differences indicate factors play role maintenance This novel work provides insight into profile following an or highlights important differences assembly composition responsiveness. These data may inform future GM-focused precision nutrition recommendations using larger sample sizes longer duration. Trial registration, March 6, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04327141), based on previous intervention trial.

Язык: Английский

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Food insecurity as a cause of adiposity: evolutionary and mechanistic hypotheses

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1888)

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Food insecurity (FI) is associated with obesity among women in high-income countries. This seemingly paradoxical association can be explained by the insurance hypothesis, which states that humans possess evolved mechanisms increase fat storage to buffer against energy shortfall when access food unpredictable. The evolutionary logic underlying hypothesis well established and experiments on animals confirm exposure unpredictable causes weight gain, but involved are less clear. Drawing data from other vertebrates, we review a suite of behavioural physiological could under FI. FI short-term hyperphagia, evidence it increased total intake lacking. Experiments suggest increases retained metabolizable reductions expenditure sufficient fuel gain absence intake. Reducing diverting somatic maintenance into stores should improve survival FI, trade-offs potentially include disease risk accelerated ageing. We conclude plausibly adiposity, poor health shorter lifespan. article part discussion meeting issue ‘Causes obesity: theories, conjectures (Part II)’.

Язык: Английский

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Recent review on selected xenobiotics and their impacts on gut microbiome and metabolome

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 166, С. 117155 - 117155

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Legalome: Microbiology, Omics and Criminal Justice

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Advances in neuromicrobiology and related omics technologies have reinforced the idea that unseen microbes play critical roles human cognition behaviour. Included this research is evidence indicating gut microbes, through direct indirect pathways, can influence aggression, anger, irritability antisocial Moreover, manufacture chemicals are known to compromise cognition. For example, recent court decisions United States Europe acknowledge produce high levels of ethanol, without consumption alcohol by defendants. The dismissal driving while intoxicated charges these cases—so‐called auto‐brewery syndrome—highlights way which microbiome knowledge will enhance precision, objectivity fairness our legal systems. Here opinion essay, we introduce concept ‘legalome’—the application science forensic psychiatry criminal law. We argue rapid pace microbial discoveries, including those challenge ideas free moral responsibility, necessitate a reconsideration traditional doctrines justifications retributive punishment. implications extend beyond courtroom, challenging us reconsider how environmental factors—from diet socioeconomic conditions—might shape preventative rehabilitative efforts their effects on microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

Nutritional interventions are a promising therapeutic option for addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. One such option, intermittent fasting (IF), has emerged as viable alternative to daily caloric restriction may beneficially modulate body weight regulation alter the gut microbiome (GM) plasma metabolome. This secondary analysis of larger, registered trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04327141) examined effect four-week intervention comparing one vs. two-consecutive days IF in combination with protein pacing (IF-P; 4-5 meals/day, >30% protein/day) on GM, metabolome, associated clinical outcomes overweight obese adults. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned either diet consisting day (total 36 h) six low-calorie P per week (IF1-P, n 10) or two (60 h total) five (IF2-P, 10). The fecal microbiome, outcomes, metabolome analyzed at baseline (week 0) after four weeks. There no significant time interaction effects alpha diversity; however, diversity was negatively correlated percent fat change (p 0.030). In addition, beta-diversity both groups altered significantly by 0.001), differences between groups. IF1-P group had increase abundance Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis Eubacterium fissicatena (q ≤ 0.007), while IF2-P decrease ventriosum 0.005). metabolite profile participants displayed increases serine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), levulinic acid, 3-aminobutyric citrate, isocitrate, glucuronic acid 0.049) compared IF1-P. Fecal short-chain fatty concentrations did not differ ≥ 0.126). Interestingly, gastrointestinal symptoms reduced but group. Our results demonstrate that short-term modestly influenced GM community structure suggesting these protocols could be certain nutritional strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome diversity, variability, and latent community types compared with shifts in body weight during the freshman year of college in dormitory-housed adolescents

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Significant human gut microbiome changes during adolescence suggest that microbial community evolution occurs throughout important developmental periods including the transition to college, a typical life phase of weight gain. In this observational longitudinal study 139 college freshmen living in on-campus dormitories, we tracked via 16S amplicon sequencing and body across single academic year. Participants were grouped by change categories gain (WG), loss (WL), maintenance (WM). Upon assessment structure, unweighted weighted UniFrac metrics revealed significant shifts with substantial variation explained individual effects within categories. Genera positively contributed these associations included Bacteroides, Blautia, Bifidobacterium WG participants Prevotella Faecalibacterium WL WM participants. Moreover, Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was significantly different category, displaying an increased ratio. Importantly, genera did not display co-dominance nor ease between Prevotella- Bacteroides-dominated states. We further assessed overall taxonomic variation, noting stability compared microbiome. Finally, found 30 latent structures waist circumference, sleep, dietary factors, alcohol consumption chief among them. Our findings highlight high level importance initial structure students period major lifestyle changes. Further work is needed confirm explore mechanistic relationships microbes free-living individuals.The freshman year transitional may provide insights into relationship regulation due increase vulnerability change. During critical many factors influence formalize have bearing on health outcomes individual’s life. college-aged population, variability trajectory. underpinned such as Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, displayed varying degrees inter-individual and, some instances, resistance alternative Accounting for considerations context control adolescents prove useful improving target intervention setting.

Язык: Английский

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Methods for Assessing Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity in the United States College Student Population: A Narrative Review

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 100131 - 100131

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2023

In the United States, college students experience disproportionate food insecurity (FI) rates compared to national prevalence. The of acute and chronic FI has been associated with negative physical mental health outcomes in this population. This narrative review aims summarize current methodologies for assessing States. To date, predominately consisted subjective assessments, such as self-reported measures dietary intake, perceived status, stress, depression, anxiety, sleep behaviors. review, along emergence an international public concern, establishes need novel, innovative, objective biomarkers evaluate short- long-term impacts on students. inclusion will further elucidate relationship between a multitude better inform strategies reducing pervasiveness States student

Язык: Английский

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