Wheat
(Triticum
aestivum
L.),
a
vital
crop
constituting
approximately
20%
of
global
caloric
intake,
faces
significant
threats
from
heavy
metal
contamination,
particularly
cadmium
(Cd)
and
chromium
(Cr),
along
with
drought
stress,
jeopardizing
food
security.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
the
combined
effects
these
stressors
potential
plant
growth
enhancers
such
as
gibberellic
acid
(GA3),
biochar
(BC),
rhizobacteria
improve
wheat
growth.
Conducted
in
controlled
greenhouse
environment
at
The
Islamia
University
Bahawalpur,
experiment
utilized
completely
randomized
design
three
replications
across
72
pots,
each
filled
clay
loam
soil.
experimental
layout
included
24
treatment
combinations
involving
stress
(6
mg/kg),
(300
600
simulated
-0.8
MPa
soil
water
potential,
various
applications
GA3
(200
mg
L−
1)
(0.6%
0.9%
w/w).
Seedlings
T.
cv.
Dilkash-21,
treated
Agrobacterium
fabrum,
showed
metrics,
root
lengths
9.36
cm
under
6
mg/kg
Cd
compared
5.53
controls.
also
increased
shoot
fresh
weights
by
24.7%
22.5%,
respectively,
while
chlorophyll
content
peaked
2.26
mg/g
Cd.
Additionally,
electrolyte
leakage
decreased
10.5%,
vigor
index
improved
1586.05
stress.
These
findings
indicate
that
utilizing
can
mitigate
adverse
environmental
on
wheat.
Future
research
should
focus
underlying
mechanisms
treatments
explore
their
application
field
conditions
further
enhance
productivity
resilience
against
Abstract
Environmental
stressors
such
as
drought,
salinity,
and
heavy
metals
pose
significant
obstacles
to
achieving
sustainable
food
security,
necessitating
the
development
of
universally
applicable
cost-effective
solutions
ameliorate
soil
under
stress.
Biochar,
an
eco-friendly
material
increase
crop
yield,
has
been
researched
for
almost
two
decades
great
potential
global
use
in
enhancing
stress
resistance.
However,
there
hasn't
comprehensive
research
on
impact
biochar
application
properties,
root
growth.
To
optimize
promote
agriculture
stress,
this
study
integrates
over
100
peer-reviewed
articles
explain
how
promotes
growth
by
resistance
Biochar's
distinctive
porous
structure,
alkaline
nature,
enriched
surface
functional
groups,
nutrient
content,
are
responsible
following
environment
benefits:
improved
physiochemical
increased
cycling,
boosted
microbial
Moreover,
emphasizes
that
enhanced
optimizes
absorption,
alleviates
pollutants,
thereby
enhances
overall
productivity.
The
discusses
roles
mechanisms
well
challenges
linked
economical
implementation
extreme
conditions.
This
review
aims
provide
a
theoretical
basis
widespread
improving
stresses,
health
security.
Graphical
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Март 19, 2024
Abstract
The
reduction
in
crop
productivity
due
to
drought
stress,
is
a
major
concern
agriculture.
Drought
stress
usually
disrupts
photosynthesis
by
triggering
oxidative
and
generating
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
use
of
zinc-quantum
dot
biochar
(ZQDB)
proline
(Pro)
can
be
effective
techniques
overcome
this
issue.
Biochar
has
the
potential
improve
water
efficiency
while
play
an
imperative
role
minimization
adverse
impacts
ROS
Proline,
functioning
as
osmotic
protector,
efficiently
mitigates
effects
heavy
metals
on
plants
maintaining
cellular
structure,
scavenging
free
radicals,
ensuring
stability
integrity.
That’s
why
current
study
explored
impact
ZQDB
chili
growth
under
stress.
Four
treatments,
i.e.,
control,
0.4%ZQDB,
0.1
mM
Pro,
0.4%ZQDB
+
were
applied
4
replications
following
complete
randomized
design.
Results
exhibited
that
Pro
caused
increases
plant
dry
weight
(29.28%),
height
(28.12%),
fruit
length
(29.20%),
girth
(59.81%),
yield
(55.78%)
over
control
A
significant
increment
chlorophyll
(18.97%),
b
(49.02%),
total
(26.67%),
compared
confirmed
effectiveness
Pro.
Furthermore,
improvement
leaves
N,
P,
K
concentration
validated
efficacy
against
In
conclusion,
mitigate
chili.
More
investigations
are
suggested
declare
promising
amendment
for
mitigation
other
crops
well
changing
climatic
situations.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(3), С. 491 - 491
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
The
phytoremediation
potential
of
the
halophytic
plant,
Tamarix
smyrnensis
(T.
smyrnensis),
was
examined
in
toxic
metal
spoils
assisted
by
biochar
and
irrigation
air
nanobubbles.
substrate
(spoil)
used
present
study
derived
from
areas
close
to
laterite
(Ni-containing
ores)
mines.
efficiency
addition
two
rates
(5
t/ha
20
t/ha)
improve
microbial
properties
stabilize
soil
aggregates
also
examined.
Furthermore,
effect
with
air-nanobubble-supplemented
water
evaluated
for
remediation
spoils.
physiological
condition
plant
species
investigated
terms
biomass,
height,
chlorophyll
content,
antioxidant
enzymes.
alkali
heavy
accumulation
their
distribution
parts
were
assessed
explore
whether
metals
could
accumulate
root
further
translocate
aboveground
tissues.
growth
T.
not
adversely
affected
its
cultivation
lateritic
spoil,
highest
rate
exhibited
a
beneficial
on
weight
(aerial
subterranean
biomass).
application
led
significant
increases
total
showing
97.6%
increase
when
is
alone
136%
combined
nanobubble
irrigation.
Remarkably,
only
combining
nanobubbles
low
supplementation
did
translocation
tissues
occur
as
factor
estimated
be
greater
than
unity
(TF
>
1).
bioconcentration
factors
remained
below
1.0
(BCF
<
1)
across
all
treatments,
demonstrating
limited
mobilization
despite
amendments.
Finally,
increased
slightly
but
substantially
uptake
metals,
which
showed
decrease
compared
control
groups
lower
dosage
utilized.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 27, 2025
Due
to
extended
periods
of
below-normal
rainfall
and
rising
temperatures,
drought
is
a
significant
global
issue
for
agricultural
productivity.
Hydrological,
agricultural,
meteorological
droughts
all
pose
different
problems
with
regard
the
availability
water
important
crops,
which
in
turn
impacts
plant
development
yield.
Depending
on
crop
species
stage
maturity,
stress
degrades
metabolism
physiological
processes,
resulting
decreased
growth
yield
losses
that
can
range
from
30%
90%.
Acclimatization
adaptation
are
two
basic
techniques
plants
use
survive
drought.
Rapid
alterations
processes
chemical
composition,
including
modifications
osmotic
pressure,
root
leaf
size,
antioxidant
systems,
part
acclimatization.
Xerophytism
succulence
characteristics
drought-resistant
have
evolved
assist
preserve
cellular
integrity
balance
water-limited
environments.
Even
these
tactics,
majority
crops—such
as
maize,
rice,
wheat—remain
extremely
vulnerable
stress.
To
lessen
effects
drought,
researchers
looked
into
number
strategies,
both
conventional
cutting-edge
methods.
Conventional
techniques,
like
application
growth-promoting
bacteria
(PGPB)
morphological
modifications,
remain
essential
improving
resilience.
Recent
breakthroughs
provided
innovative
alternatives
such
nanoparticle
(NP)
treatments
biochar,
enhance
Biochar
enhances
soil
moisture
retention
nutrient
accessibility,
whereas
nanoparticles
augment
absorption
bolster
molecular
resilience
under
Furthermore,
microbial
inoculants
absorption,
facilitating
arid
conditions.
This
review
examines
three
staple
emphasizing
traditional
novel
approaches
consequences
We
highlight
how
combining
insights
ecology,
biochemistry,
biology,
technologies
biochar
boost
production
resistance
water-scarce
Abstract
Chromium
(Cr)
stress
significantly
hinders
crop
production
by
disrupting
nutrient
uptake,
impairing
plant
growth,
and
contaminating
soil,
posing
a
substantial
threat
to
agricultural
sustainability.
The
use
of
deashed
biochar
(DAB)
strigolactone
can
be
an
effective
solution
mitigate
this
issue.
Deashed
enhances
improving
soil
structure,
water
retention,
availability
while
mitigating
the
bioavailability
toxic
substances.
Strigolactone
boosts
growth
stimulating
root
branching,
shoot
formation,
overall
physiology.
Nevertheless,
scientific
rationale
behind
their
collective
as
amendment
counter
Cr
remains
substantiated.
Therefore,
in
study,
blend
DAB
was
employed
additives
radish
cultivation,
both
absence
under
influence
200Cr
stress.
Four
treatments,
i.e.,
0,
20µM
Strigolactone,
DAB,
+
were
applied
four
replications
following
completely
randomized
design.
Results
demonstrate
that
produced
significant
improvement
length
(27.29%),
(45.60%),
fresh
weight
(33.25%),
dry
(78.91%),
compared
control
Significant
enrichment
chlorophyll
(20.41%),
b
(58.53%),
total
(31.54%)
over
stress,
prove
efficacy
treatment.
In
conclusion,
is
recommended
for
radish.
Farmers
should
consider
using
amendments
combat
enhance
contributing
more
resilient
ecosystem.
Abstract
Drought
stress
poses
a
significant
challenge
to
maize
production,
leading
substantial
harm
crop
growth
and
yield
due
the
induction
of
oxidative
stress.
Deashed
biochar
(DAB)
in
combination
with
carboxymethyl
cellulose
(CMC)
presents
an
effective
approach
for
addressing
this
problem.
DAB
improves
soil
structure
by
increasing
porosity
water
retention
enhancing
plant
nutrient
utilization
efficiency.
The
CMC
provides
advantages
plants
retention,
improving
structure,
moisture
availability
roots.
present
study
was
conducted
investigate
effects
amendments
on
under
field
capacity
(70
FC)
drought
Six
different
treatments
were
implemented
study,
namely
0
+
0CMC,
25
CMC,
0.5
DAB,
1
each
six
replications,
they
arranged
according
completely
randomized
design.
Results
showed
that
caused
enhancement
shoot
fresh
weight
(24.53%),
dry
(38.47%),
length
(32.23%),
root
(19.03%),
(87.50%)
(69.80%)
over
control
A
increase
chlorophyll
(40.26%),
b
(26.92%),
total
(30.56%),
photosynthetic
rate
(21.35%),
transpiration
(32.61%),
stomatal
conductance
(91.57%)
efficiency
treatment
compared
control.
N,
P,
K
concentrations
both
validated
effectiveness
performance
when
group
In
conclusion,
it
is
recommended
application
serves
as
beneficial
amendment
alleviating
maize.
Abstract
Maize
cultivated
for
dry
grain
covers
approximately
197
million
hectares
globally,
securing
its
position
as
the
second
most
widely
grown
crop
worldwide
after
wheat.
Although
spermidine
and
biochar
individually
showed
positive
impacts
on
maize
production
in
existing
literature,
their
combined
effects
growth,
physiology,
nutrient
uptake
remain
unclear
require
further
in-depth
investigation.
That’s
why
a
pot
experiment
was
conducted
with
potassium
enriched
(KBC)
treatments
Multan,
Pakistan,
during
year
2022.
Four
levels
of
(0,
0.15,
0.30,
0.45mM)
two
KBC
(0
0.50%)
were
applied
completely
randomized
design
(CRD).
Results
that
0.45
mM
under
0.50%
caused
significant
enhancement
shoot
length
(11.30%),
fresh
weight
(25.78%),
(17.45%),
root
(27.95%),
(26.80%),
(20.86%)
over
control.
A
increase
chlorophyll
(50.00%),
b
(40.40%),
total
(47.00%),
photosynthetic
rate
(34.91%),
transpiration
(6.51%),
stomatal
conductance
(15.99%)
compared
to
control
0.50%KBC
validate
potential
spermidine.
An
N,
P,
K
concentration
while
decrease
electrolyte
leakage
antioxidants
also
confirmed
performed
more
effectively
0.50%KBC.
In
conclusion,
is
recommended
enhancing
growth.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(9), С. 1191 - 1191
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2024
Iris
laevigata
Fisch.
is
an
excellent
ornamental
plant
in
cold
regions
due
to
its
unique
ability
and
strong
resistance.
However,
the
flowering
period
of
population
only
about
20
days,
greatly
limiting
potential
uses
landscaping
cutting
flower
industry.
In
addition,
I.
often
challenged
with
various
abiotic
stresses
including
high
salinity
drought
native
habitats.
Thus,
breeding
novel
cultivars
delayed
time
higher
resistance
stress
importance.
this
study,
we
utilized
sequencing
data
from
transcriptome
identify
WRKYs
characterized
IlWRKY22,
a
key
transcription
factor
that
modulates
responses.
IlWRKY22
induced
by
salt
stress.
We
cloned
found
it
Group
IIe
WRKY
localized
nucleus.
Overexpressing
Arabidopsis
thaliana
(L.)
Heynh.
Nicotiana
tabacum
L.
resulted
transgenic
plants.
created
N.
overexpressing
which
showed
significantly
improved
both
compared
control
our
study
revealed
dual
function
candidate
gene
for
desirable
traits.
