Alterations in the Glymphatic System and Presence of Small Vessel Disease in Hospitalized and Non-hospitalized COVID Patients: A Study of PSMD Index and DTI-ALPS

Academic Radiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Neuroimmune, Cerebrovascular, and Cognitive Disturbances Associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection: A Systematic Review of Post‑Acute Outcomes

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Background SARS-CoV-2, initially identified as a respiratory pathogen, has emerged significant driver of neurological morbidity in the post-acute phase infection. A substantial body evidence now underscores persistent neuroimmune dysregulation, cerebrovascular injury, and cognitive impairment critical contributors to long-term disability among COVID-19 survivors. However, mechanistic interplay between these processes their clinical implications remains incompletely characterized. Objectives This systematic review synthesizes global (1) elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sequelae COVID-19, (2) evaluate prevalence spectrum neuroimmune, cerebrovascular, disturbances, (3) propose actionable strategies for management future research. Methods comprehensive search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was conducted studies published January 1, 2020, 31, 2025. Included reported on neuroinflammatory biomarkers, events, or dysfunction assessed ≥ 4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 Two independent reviewers screened records, extracted data, appraised study quality using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. narrative synthesis performed, supported by tabulated summaries descriptive visualizations key findings. Results From 2,178 15 (n = 73,435 participants) met inclusion criteria. Three interrelated pathological domains were identified: Neuroimmune Dysregulation: Persistent elevation pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), microglial activation, neuronal autoantibodies 42% patients, implicating chronic neuroinflammation. Cerebrovascular Complications: 3.7-fold increased stroke risk microvascular injury (22% prevalence) linked SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, thromboinflammatory pathways. Cognitive Dysfunction: Deficits memory, executive function, processing speed (58% correlated with neuroimaging grey matter atrophy functional connectivity loss. Conclusions Post-acute manifests triad vascular, pathologies, driven synergistic such inflammation. Early detection via multimodal screening neuroimaging, cytokine profiling) multidisciplinary care models are essential mitigate disability. Future research must prioritize standardized diagnostic criteria, elucidating viral neurotropism, trials evaluating therapies targeting stabilization immunomodulation. Addressing priorities will inform evidence-based interventions improve outcomes growing population survivors grappling sequelae.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the Neuroimmune, Cerebrovascular, and Cognitive Disturbances Associated with SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection: A Systematic Review of Post‑Acute Outcomes

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Background SARS-CoV-2, initially identified as a respiratory pathogen, has emerged significant driver of neurological morbidity in the post-acute phase infection. A substantial body evidence underscores persistent neuroimmune dysregulation, cerebrovascular injury, and cognitive impairment critical contributors to long-term disability among COVID-19 survivors. However, mechanistic interplay between these processes their clinical implications remains incompletely characterized. Objectives This systematic review meta-analysis aim (1) elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying outcomes COVID-19, (2) evaluate prevalence spectrum neuroimmune, cerebrovascular, disturbances using both qualitative quantitative data, (3) propose strategies for early detection management based on rigorous, evidence-based findings. Methods comprehensive search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was conducted studies published January 1, 2020, 31, 2025. Included reported neuroinflammatory biomarkers, events, or dysfunction assessed ≥ 4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 Two independent reviewers screened records, extracted appraised study quality PRISMA 2020 guidelines. narrative synthesis supplemented by key outcomes, with pooled effect estimates calculated random-effects models address heterogeneity. Results From 2,178 10 (n ≈ 77,300) met inclusion criteria. Three interrelated pathological domains were identified: Neuroimmune Dysregulation: Persistent cytokine elevations (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), microglial activation, neuronal autoantibodies (detected ~ 18% patients) indicate state chronic neuroinflammation. Cerebrovascular Complications: 3.7-fold increased risk stroke, along blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption microvascular role endothelial thromboinflammatory pathways. Cognitive Dysfunction: Deficits memory, executive function, processing speed, up 58% patients, correlated neuroimaging findings grey matter atrophy altered functional connectivity. The yielded standardized mean difference IL-6 elevation 0.78 (95% CI: 0.55–1.01; p < 0.001) odds ratio stroke 3.7 2.1–6.4; 0.001). Moderate-to-high heterogeneity (I² 50% 70%) addressed sensitivity analyses, which confirmed robustness associations. Conclusions Post-acute manifests triad vascular, disturbances, supported analyses. Early identification through multimodal screening including advanced neuroimaging, inflammatory biomarker profiling, validated assessments are essential. Targeted therapeutic focusing stabilization immunomodulation may prove pivotal mitigating disability. Future research should prioritize outcome measures further refine interventional approaches inform policy.

Язык: Английский

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Neurologic symptoms as a hallmark of glymphatic alteration in recovered patients with COVID-19

BMC Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Lateral prefrontal theta oscillations causally drive a computational mechanism underlying conflict expectation and adaptation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Adapting our behavior to environmental demands relies on capacity perceive and manage potential conflicts within surroundings. While evidence implicates the involvement of lateral prefrontal cortex theta oscillations in detecting conflict stimuli, their causal role expectation remains elusive. Consequently, exact computations neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes still need be determined. We employed an integrative approach involving computational modeling, fMRI, TMS, EEG establish a link between oscillatory brain function, its neurocomputational role, resulting processing adaptation behavior. Our results reveal process expectation, which correlates with BOLD-fMRI activity superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Modulation via rhythmic TMS applied over SFG induces endogenous activity, turn enhances associated expectation. These findings provide for learning allocating resources address forthcoming stimuli. Martínez-Molina et al. utilized EEG-TMS, modeling behind upcoming conflicting events, demonstrating cortex.

Язык: Английский

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Anosmia and homoeopathy

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(4), С. 112 - 115

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

Anosmia is a commonly reported symptom in COVID-19 patients that frequently occurs early the course of disease & may persist as long term symptom. SARS-COV2 infection has been suggested to cause death support cells olfactory epithelium with consequences for neuronal function. The article focuses on age old concept Ayurveda where it advised start feeling senses day starts be aware any changes comeback Communicable Diseases (CD) such COVID 19 pandemic. As CDs surged, eating while smelling food emerged since process anosmia led definitive nasal cavity are signs infection. current sees role Homoeopathy AYUSH system due 19. Those adopting healthy health use therapeutic homeopathy optimize benefits olfaction. After discussing various modalities anosmia, homoeopathic treatment protocol lines markers mentioned above. aspires this integration will help nation deal future menace CDs.

Язык: Английский

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Clinic evaluation of cognitive impairment in post-COVID syndrome: performance on legacy pen-and-paper and new digital cognitive test

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43, С. 100917 - 100917

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Cognitive impairment, colloquially termed "brain fog", is one of the most prevalent manifestations post-Covid syndrome and a major contributor to impaired daily function reduced quality life. However, despite high numbers affected individuals presenting clinical services with cognitive little work has been undertaken date on suitability current memory clinic tests for identifying deficits in this new acquired disorder.The aim study was therefore determine performance people impairment Addenbrooke's Examination-III (ACE-III), test used widely clinics. A subset also underwent testing novel battery short digital assessing attention, speed information processing executive function, representing domains primarily implicated dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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