Успехи современной биологии,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
143(4), С. 375 - 392
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Most
of
the
heat
that
is
released
in
vertebrate
body
produced
muscles
during
contractive
(during
movement
or
trembling)
and
non-contractive
(without
muscle
activity)
thermogenesis.
Contractive
thermogenesis
characteristic
for
all
vertebrates,
but
it
not
able
to
constantly
maintain
a
high
temperature
animals.
The
main
idea
discussed
this
article,
based
on
large
number
publications
recent
years:
biochemical
base
warm-bloodedness
vertebrates
part
cycle
contraction–relaxation
striated
skeletal
muscles,
which
act
contraction
somehow
falls
out,
energy
should
have
been
used
dissipated
form
heat.
This
thermogenesis,
support
regional
general
endothermy
can
be
considered
real
basis
warm-bloodedness.
Thus,
presence
common
foundations
represent
single
preadaptive
property
manifestation
starting
with
fish,
evolution
Therefore,
understandable
unsurprising
modern
data
first
terrestrial
were
most
likely
animals
levels
both
metabolism
temperature.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
203(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025
Abstract
Although
Calligenethlon
watsoni,
an
enigmatic
embolomere
from
Joggins,
Nova
Scotia,
has
been
known
since
1934,
in-depth
description
of
its
anatomy
(including
CT
data)
and
updated
taxonomic
diagnosis
yet
to
be
completed.
Additionally,
subsequently
discovered
specimens
have
referred
the
taxon
simply
if
they
display
traits.
As
a
result,
is
represented
by
collection
united
on
basis
largely
non-diagnostic
Here,
exquisitely
preserved
specimen
identified
as
Calligenethlon,
NSM
994GF1.1,
described
in
detail
using
micro-computed
tomography.
Comparison
this
holotype
supports
referral
anatomical
knowledge
gained
here
allows
for
generation
more
robust
morphological
genus
Calligenethlon.
We
then
re-evaluate
all
other
determine
which
are
consistent
with
their
taxon,
inconclusively
taxon.
These
data
discussed
provide
new
insights
into
diversity
embolomeres
at
Joggins’
locality.
Animals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(10), С. 1474 - 1474
Опубликована: Май 15, 2024
Paleo-oncology
studies
neoplastic
diseases
in
fossilised
animals,
including
human
remains.
Recent
advancements
have
enabled
more
accurate
diagnoses
of
ancient
pathologies
despite
the
inherent
challenges
identifying
tumours
fossils—such
as
rarity
well-preserved
specimens,
predominance
bone
remains,
and
difficulty
distinguishing
from
non-neoplastic
lesions.
This
study
compiles
reports
highlighting
that
neoplasms
are
present
a
wide
range
vertebrates
drawing
comparisons
to
modern
instances
similar
diseases.
The
findings
underscore
multifactorial
aetiology
tumours,
which
involves
genetic,
environmental,
lifestyle
factors,
suggest
been
around
for
at
least
350
million
years.
Journal of Anatomy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024
Abstract
The
current
study
examines
the
growth
pattern
and
lifestyle
habits
of
freshwater
snapping
turtles
Chelydra
Macrochelys
based
on
limb
bone
histology.
Femora,
humeri,
tibiae
25
individuals
selected
from
a
range
ontogenetic
stages
were
assessed
to
determine
inter‐element
intraskeletal
histological
variation.
Osteohistological
assessment
multiple
elements
is
consistent
with
overall
moderate
rates
as
revealed
by
dominance
parallel‐fibered
bone.
However,
was
cyclical
shown
deposition
lines
arrested
growths
in
compacta.
It
appears
that
tissue
C.
serpentina
more
variable
through
ontogeny
intermittent
higher
rates.
M
.
temminckii
grow
slowly
than
C
possessing
compact
thick
cortices
accordance
their
larger
size.
Overall,
vascularization
decreases
humeri
femora
being
well‐vascularized
both
species.
Contrarily,
epipodials
are
poorly
vascularized,
though
simple
longitudinal
radial
canals
present,
suggesting
differences
patterns
when
compared
associated
diaphyseal
sections.
found
be
least
remodeled
bones
therefore
better
suited
for
skeletochronology
turtles.
Intra‐elementally,
preserved
cortical
vascularity
ventrally,
suggestive
faster
relative
growth.
We
hypothesize
differential
may
relate
functional
constraints,
where
forelimbs
operational
swimming
while
hindlimbs
provide
stability.
Успехи современной биологии,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
144(2), С. 202 - 213
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024
The
paper
analyzes
the
evolution
of
thermoenergetic
statuses
vertebrates
and
associated
evolutionary
development
their
heart.
analysis
shows
that
in
most
modern
lepidosaurs
turtles,
heart
is
not
completely,
conditionally
five-chambered:
it
has
two
atria
one
ventricle,
which
incomplete
septas
divide
into
three
functional
chambers.
In
some
them,
these
were
modified
so
they
turned
with
vertical
horizontal
elements,
as
a
result
became
functionally
four-chambered,
improved
separation
arterial
venous
blood
flows.
Crocodiles
have
fully
morphologically
four-chambered
But
hearts
all
reptiles,
both
recent
extinct,
perform
opposite
functions
parallel
–
flows
at
same
time
regulated
mixing.
To
do
this,
there
are
special
morphological
physiological
mechanisms
hearts.
Such
strange
duality
work
reptilian
aims
to
regulate
metabolism
level
by
controlling
amount
carbon
dioxide
entering
flow:
increasing
CO2
flow
reduces
metabolic
rate,
reducing
its
increase
metabolism.
Mixed
reptiles’
an
immature,
primitive
state,
but
necessity.
Moreover,
this
method
regulating
rate
adequate
initial,
ancestral
state
because
basal
terrestrial
tetrapods
ancient
reptiles
meso-
even
tachymetabolic,
i.e.
almost
or
completely
warm-blooded,
endothermic
animals.
It
was
just
animals
needed
such
type
regulation.
As
result,
complex
morphophysiological
organization
heart,
more
suitable
for
warm-blooded
ancestors.
Recent
use
part
properties
adaptation
new
environmental
conditions,
requirements,
state.
This
unique
characteristic
extinct
and,
importantly,
exclusively
due
original
Journal of Mammalian Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
30(4), С. 1031 - 1046
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023
Abstract
Large
species
that
are
isolated
for
thousands
of
years
on
islands
often
evolve
extreme
degrees
dwarfism.
Very
little
is
known
about
physiological
processes
accompany
such
transitions
in
extinct
dwarf
species.
We
tested
whether
cycles
bone
maintenance
(remodelling)
adult
hippopotamuses
correlate
with
insularity-driven
body
mass
shifts
may
occur
due
to
variables
as
ecological
release
from
predation
pressure
and
change
access
resources.
hypothesised
the
smallest
size
should
show
higher
values
osteocyte
lacunae,
proxies
osteoblast
proliferation
during
remodelling,
when
compared
relatively
larger
forms,
well
much
mainland
common
hippopotamuses.
examined
20
ribs
three
Pleistocene
Hippopotamus
spanning
a
gradient
size:
H.
minor
(~132
kg,
Cyprus),
creutzburgi
(~398
Crete),
antiquus
(~3200
Greece).
Ribs
were
selected
because
they
reflect
metabolic
rates
not
completely
clouded
by
factors
biomechanics.
Densities
lacunae
(Ot.Dn)
864
individual
secondary
osteons
observed
histology
sections.
found
highest
average
Ot.Dn
ribs,
intermediate
lowest
ribs.
It
appears
distinctly
separated
these
species,
possibly
signifying
remodelling
tissue
optimises
face
reduction
size.
discuss
hippopotamus
rib
microstructure
utility
palaeontological
analyses
elucidating
intricate
biological
occurring
insular
fossil
mammals.
