Sand mining: Stopping the grind of unregulated supply chains

The Extractive Industries and Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10, С. 101070 - 101070

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetric emergence of low-to-no snow in the midlatitudes of the American Cordillera

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(12), С. 1151 - 1159

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Abstract Societies and ecosystems within downstream of mountains rely on seasonal snowmelt to satisfy their water demands. Anthropogenic climate change has reduced mountain snowpacks worldwide, altering magnitude timing. Here the global warming level leading widespread persistent snowpack decline, termed low-to-no snow, is estimated for world’s most latitudinally contiguous range, American Cordillera. We show that a combination dynamical, thermodynamical hypsometric factors results in an asymmetric emergence low-to-no-snow conditions midlatitudes Low-to-no-snow occurs approximately 20 years earlier southern hemisphere, at third local level, coincides with runoff efficiency declines (8% average) both dry wet years. The prevention future either hemisphere requires be held to, most, +2.5 °C.

Язык: Английский

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Soil erosion on arable land: An unresolved global environmental threat

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(1), С. 136 - 161

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2023

Rationale and scope: Although soil erosion was recognised as a serious problem in antiquity research into started the early 20th century, it remains substantial for agriculture environment across globe. It disrupts agricultural production, threatening food increases severity of floods droughts impacts on biology biogeochemical cycling. This review describes different processes manifestations arable land availability global data. points out that while there is good understanding erosion, causes are complex even if agronomic landscape solutions available, their implementation challenging needs tailored approaches to account specific local socio-economic, political, institutional contexts.

Язык: Английский

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Midwinter Dry Spells Amplify Post‐Fire Snowpack Decline

Geophysical Research Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2023

Abstract Increasing wildfire and declining snowpacks in mountain regions threaten water availability. We combine satellite‐based fire detections with snow seasonality classifications to examine activity California's seasonal ephemeral zones. find a nearly tenfold increase during 2020–2021 versus 2001–2019. Accumulation season broadband albedo declined 25%–71% at two burned sites (2021 2022) according in‐situ data relative un‐burned conditions, greater declines associated increased burn severity. By enhancing snowpack susceptibility melt, both decreased canopy drove midwinter melt multi‐week dry spell 2022. Despite similar meteorological conditions December–February 2013 2022–linked persistent high pressure weather regimes–minimal occurred 2013. Post‐fire differences are confirmed satellite measurements. With growing geographical overlap between snow, our findings suggest is increasingly vulnerable the compounding effects of spells wildfire.

Язык: Английский

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The fully coupled regionally refined model of E3SM version 2: overview of the atmosphere, land, and river results

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(13), С. 3953 - 3995

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the United States (US) Department Energy's (DOE's) Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) fully coupled regionally refined model (RRM) and documents overall atmosphere, land, river results from Coupled Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) DECK (Diagnosis, Evaluation, Characterization Klima) historical simulations – a first-of-its-kind set climate production using RRM. The North American (NA) RRM (NARRM) is developed as high-resolution configuration E3SMv2 with primary goal more explicitly addressing DOE's mission needs regarding impacts to US energy sector facing system changes. NARRM features finer horizontal resolution grids centered over NA, consisting 25→100 km atmosphere 0.125∘ river-routing model, 14→60 ocean sea ice. By design, computational cost ∼3× uniform low-resolution (LR) at 100 but only ∼ 10 %–20 % globally 25 km. A novel hybrid time step strategy for key achieve improved simulation fidelity within patch without sacrificing global performance. climate, including climatology, series, sensitivity, feedback, confirmed be largely identical between LR quantified typical metrics. Over NA area, generally superior LR, precipitation clouds contiguous (CONUS), summertime marine stratocumulus off coast California, liquid ice phase near Pole region, extratropical cyclones, spatial variability in land hydrological processes. improvements are related better-resolved topography NARRM, whereas those attributable air–sea interactions both Some appear insensitive change analyzed here, instance diurnal propagation organized mesoscale convective systems CONUS warm-season land–atmosphere coupling southern Great Plains. In summary, our study presents realistically efficient approach leverage framework standard release simulations.

Язык: Английский

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