Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2024
Abstract
Agroecosystems
are
experiencing
a
biodiversity
crisis.
Biodiversity
monitoring
is
needed
to
inform
conservation,
but
existing
schemes
lack
standardisation
and
biased
towards
birds,
insects
plants.
Automated
techniques
offer
promising
solution,
while
passive
acoustic
remote
sensing
increasingly
used,
the
potential
of
camera
traps
(CTs)
in
farmland
remains
underexplored.
We
reviewed
CT
publications
from
last
30
years
found
only
59
articles
that
sampled
habitats
Europe.
The
main
research
topics
addressed
management
or
(avian)
conservation
issues,
such
as
wildlife‐livestock
interactions,
nest
predation,
use
feeders
water
troughs.
Fewer
studies
employed
landscape‐wide
approaches
investigate
species'
habitat
activity
patterns
over
large
agricultural
areas.
discuss
barriers
more
widespread
CTs
suggest
strategies
overcome
them:
boxed
tailored
for
small
mammals,
reptiles
amphibians,
perch‐mounted
raptor
time‐lapse
imagery
can
help
overcoming
technical
challenges
(small)
elusive
species
open
where
misfires
missed
detections
frequent.
Such
would
also
expand
taxonomic
coverage
under‐surveyed
groups.
Moreover,
engagement
farmers
CT‐based
programmes
advances
computer
vision
image
classification
provide
opportunities
low‐cost,
broad‐scale
automated
schemes.
Research
priorities
could
be
tackled
through
applications
include
basic
science
unravelling
animal
space
landscapes,
how
this
influenced
by
varying
practices.
Management‐related
relate
crop
damage
livestock
predation
wildlife,
disease
transmission
between
wildlife
livestock,
effects
agrochemicals
on
assessment
measures.
Altogether,
hold
great,
yet
unexplored,
advance
agroecological
research.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024
Abstract
Although
pesticides
are
seen
as
one
of
the
main
drivers
insect
decline,
there
still
only
few
studies
that
assess
their
effects
on
non-target
species
under
field
conditions.
Here
we
investigated
neonicotinoid
insecticide
Mospilan®SG
(active
ingredient
acetamiprid)
plant
bugs
(Heteroptera:
Miridae),
a
dominant
group
European
grassland
communities.
Abundance
three
focal
mirid
was
reduced
by
up
to
78%
two
days
after
exposure
at
concentrations
expected
margins,
with
mortality
varying
considerably
among
species.
Follow-up
feeding
assays
insecticide-treated
host
plants
in
greenhouse
and
controlled
dose-response
laboratory
confirmed
strong
negative
Strikingly,
nearly
10,000
times
more
toxic
than
honeybees.
In
addition,
male
were
20
sensitive
females
tested
Thus,
continuous
neonicotinoids
may
reduce
bug
populations
promote
shift
towards
insecticide-tolerant
species,
altering
community
composition.
We
suggest
sex-specific
sensitivity
should
be
considered
risk
assessment
conclude
real
insects
is
currently
greatly
underestimated.
Environmental Sciences Europe,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024
Abstract
Background
Biodiversity
loss
is
particularly
pronounced
in
agroecosystems.
Agricultural
fields
cover
about
one-third
of
the
European
Union
and
are
crucial
habitats
for
many
species.
At
same
time,
agricultural
receive
highest
pesticide
input
landscapes.
Non-target
species,
including
plants
arthropods,
closely
related
to
targeted
pests,
directly
affected
by
pesticides.
Direct
effects
on
these
lower
trophic
levels
cascade
through
food
web,
resulting
indirect
via
habitat
subsequent
levels.
The
overarching
goals
legislation
require
governments
sufficiently
consider
direct
arthropods
when
authorising
This
publication
provides
an
overview
a
workshop's
findings
2023
whether
current
risk
assessment
adequately
addresses
requirements.
Results
Effects
due
in-field
exposure
pesticides
currently
not
assessed
inadequately
impairment
web
support
biodiversity.
Deficiencies
lie
within
assessment,
as
defined
terrestrial
guidance
document
from
2002.
To
overcome
this
problem,
we
introduce
two-step
method
feasible
assessors,
that
determine
(i)
product
might
have
severe
impacts
or
(ii)
extend
broad
taxonomic
spectrum.
When
each
step
fulfilled,
it
can
be
concluded
use
under
could
lead
unacceptable
non-target
species
thus
web.
While
our
primary
focus
improve
methodologies,
note
mitigation
measures,
such
conservation
headlands,
exist
cases
where
risks
been
identified.
Conclusions
We
advocate
caused
need
included
management
soon
possible.
achieve
this,
provide
recommendations
authorities
evaluation
method.
Implementing
would
address
major
deficiency
ensure
better
protection
Agrochemicals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
3(4), С. 232 - 252
Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024
It
is
debated
whether
the
ecotoxicity
of
active
substances
(ASs)
contained
in
synthetic
pesticides
applied
conventional
agriculture
(conASs)
differs
from
nature-based
ASs
used
organic
(orgASs).
Using
official
pesticide
use
statistics,
we
evaluated
apple
and
grapevine
production
Austria.
In
2022,
49
conASs
21
orgASs
were
authorized
for
60
23
Based
on
latest
publicly
available
data
actual
(from
year
2017),
their
based
information
freely
accessible
Pesticide
Properties
Bio-Pesticides
Databases.
The
results
showed
that
although
amount
per
hectare
field
was
higher
farming,
intrinsic
toxicities
farming
much
higher.
number
lethal
toxic
doses
(LD50)
orchards
645%,
15%,
6011%
honeybees,
birds,
earthworms,
respectively,
than
production.
vineyards,
earthworms
300%,
129%,
299%
vineyards.
We
conclude
promoting
would
therefore
contribute
to
better
protection
biodiversity
agricultural
land
beyond.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(11), С. 2553 - 2553
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
Chemical
control
methods
to
prevent
crop
damage
have
long
been
directly
implicated
in
the
selection
of
lepidoptera
insect
populations
resistant
insecticides.
More
recently,
new
products
featuring
different
modes
action
(MoA),
developed
mitigate
negative
effects
management
on
both
producers
and
environment,
are
rapidly
losing
efficacy
due
emergence
insects.
Among
these,
certain
resistances
associated
with
molecular
changes
genomes
pest
insects
that
valuable
for
developing
markers
diagnostic
tools,
particularly
point
mutations.
Molecular
diagnosis
represents
an
innovative
solution
insecticide
resistance
(IRM)
practices,
allowing
effective
monitoring
resistance.
This
approach
facilitates
decision
making
by
enabling
timely
alternation
between
(MoAs).
In
this
context,
review
focuses
major
lepidopteran
pests
affect
globally
significant
crops,
discussing
impacts
It
gathers
literature
methods;
provides
a
comparative
overview
advantages
techniques
terms
efficiency,
cost,
precision,
sensitivity,
applicability;
highlights
several
novel
tools.
Additionally,
explores
coffee
leaf
miner,
Leucoptera
coffeella,
as
applied
model
illustrate
potential
approaches
more
sustainable
strategies.
Journal of Environmental Management,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
371, С. 123285 - 123285
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024
Agriculture
acts
as
a
predominant
factor
that
affects
the
state
and
functionality
of
ecosystems
worldwide.
Nevertheless,
in
case
emergency
actions
for
counteracting
expansion
plant
diseases,
large-scale
harmful
agricultural
practices
can
be
legally
allowed
without
considering
their
environmental
impact.
Here,
we
assess
risks
to
conservation
protected
habitats
species
arising
from
implementation
an
action
plan
bacterium
Xylella
fastidiosa
Puglia,
Italy.
Based
on
official
cartographic
information
provided
by
regional
authority,
considered
distribution
animal
European
Directives
orchid
CITES
Convention,
quantified
overlap
with
land-cover
categories
subject
phytosanitary
at
different
scales.
We
used
ANOVA
test
variations
susceptibility
proposed
practices.
highlight
prescribed
threaten
more
than
20
%
cover
EU-protected
habitats,
expected
risk
nearing
local
extinctions
some
wetland
grassland
habitat
types.
Both
mechanical
chemical
treatments
variously
affect
majority
selected
species.
Risks
are
significantly
high
associated
open
agroecosystems,
characterized
weaker
movement
ability,
or
requiring
grass
layer
breeding
foraging.
Among
species,
particularly
threatening
endemic
taxa.
The
underline
need
reconsider
currently
adopted
regulations
through
multidisciplinary
approach,
aimed
integrating
biodiversity
ecosystem
stability
various
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2024
Abstract
Agroecosystems
are
experiencing
a
biodiversity
crisis.
Biodiversity
monitoring
is
needed
to
inform
conservation,
but
existing
schemes
lack
standardisation
and
biased
towards
birds,
insects
plants.
Automated
techniques
offer
promising
solution,
while
passive
acoustic
remote
sensing
increasingly
used,
the
potential
of
camera
traps
(CTs)
in
farmland
remains
underexplored.
We
reviewed
CT
publications
from
last
30
years
found
only
59
articles
that
sampled
habitats
Europe.
The
main
research
topics
addressed
management
or
(avian)
conservation
issues,
such
as
wildlife‐livestock
interactions,
nest
predation,
use
feeders
water
troughs.
Fewer
studies
employed
landscape‐wide
approaches
investigate
species'
habitat
activity
patterns
over
large
agricultural
areas.
discuss
barriers
more
widespread
CTs
suggest
strategies
overcome
them:
boxed
tailored
for
small
mammals,
reptiles
amphibians,
perch‐mounted
raptor
time‐lapse
imagery
can
help
overcoming
technical
challenges
(small)
elusive
species
open
where
misfires
missed
detections
frequent.
Such
would
also
expand
taxonomic
coverage
under‐surveyed
groups.
Moreover,
engagement
farmers
CT‐based
programmes
advances
computer
vision
image
classification
provide
opportunities
low‐cost,
broad‐scale
automated
schemes.
Research
priorities
could
be
tackled
through
applications
include
basic
science
unravelling
animal
space
landscapes,
how
this
influenced
by
varying
practices.
Management‐related
relate
crop
damage
livestock
predation
wildlife,
disease
transmission
between
wildlife
livestock,
effects
agrochemicals
on
assessment
measures.
Altogether,
hold
great,
yet
unexplored,
advance
agroecological
research.
